Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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1.6 Report Modifier - COR An observation taken on the 20th of the month at 4:35 PM UTC SPECI PHKO 201635Z The Report Modifier falls between the “Date/Time” group and the “Wind” group when used. The only modifier for the report will be COR. COR indicates the report is a correction to a previously transmitted report. Corrections transmitted shall consist of the entire corrected report. The original date and time of the report shall be used as the date and time in the corrected report. Example of a Transmitted Corrected Report: METAR KOKC 011955Z COR 22015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA BR OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 RMK FRQ LTGIC TS OHD MOV E Corrections to a still valid observation should be given to everyone who received the erroneous data. 1.7 Delayed Reports If an observation is taken but cannot be transmitted before the next regularly scheduled report, only the latest report shall be transmitted. The remark FIBI (Filed But Impractical to Transmit) shall be appended in parentheses to the report that was not transmitted to indicate the report was not transmitted. The remark FIBI shall not be included in local dissemination of the report. Reports of Volcanic Eruption shall be disseminated by any means possible, regardless of the delay. 1.8 Differences Between Transmitted Coded Report and MF1M-10 Entries When reviewing your station’s WSOH, you should have noticed there are some differences between the transmitted coded report and entries made in the columns on MF1M-10 (see Exhibit 1-1). The coded report contains certain “letter indicators” to show the unit of measure used, time standard used, or to separate “the body of the report” from the “remarks” section of the report, while such entries are not made on MF1M-10. This training guide highlights where these differences exist in each element. Failure to place the correct “letter indicator” in its proper location or to place a required space in the transmitted coded report may result in the report not being decoded properly. For example, the report will not be decoded if the “Z” is not placed after the date/time group. The observation will not make it into hourly roundups, etc. 1.9 Various Observational Programs Because of the great variety of observational programs, it is impractical to explain in this training guide how the various observations apply to each station. Therefore, you should discuss this part of the program with either the Surface Observation Specialist from the NWS regional headquarters or with a visiting representative from the supervising station. 1-4
TYPE M/S TIME G LST G UTC DIREC- TION (Ture) SPEED (Knots) WIND VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHER GUST (Knots) VARIABILITY (True) SUR- TOWER RUNWAY VISUAL FACE RANGE (Feet) 1-5 SKY CONDITION TEMP. © DEW POINT © ALTIMETER SETTING (Ins.) REMARKS AND SUPPLEMENTAL CODED DATA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7a) (7b) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) M 065 34 10 20 1/ -SN BLSN BKN003 -02 -05 2986 VIS NW 1/4 OVC020 METAR KEFD 210654Z 34010G20KT 1/2SM -SN BLSN BKN003 OVC020 M02/M05 A2986 RMK VIS NW 1/4 The time in column 2 must also be checked. The block to be checked depends on the observing program. Most SAWRS will check UTC, but a few SAWRS are required to check the LST block. SAWRS should check with their supervising NWS office. Exhibit 1-1. MF1M-10 - Difference Between Form Entries and Transmitted Report.
Page 1 and 2: Training Guide in Surface Weather O
Page 3: PREFACE METAR/SPECI is the internat
Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER 7 - PRESSURE ..............
Page 8 and 9: 1.2 Content and Format of the Manua
Page 12 and 13: 1-6
Page 14 and 15: 12. A METAR observation contains se
Page 16 and 17: 25. At no time shall an observation
Page 18 and 19: 2.1.4 Estimated Winds Though winds
Page 20 and 21: 2-4
Page 22 and 23: Code the following wind situations
Page 24 and 25: 19. Which of the following wind par
Page 26 and 27: 3.1 Visibility 1 CHAPTER 3 VISIBILI
Page 28 and 29: 3.2.3 Surface and Tower Visibility
Page 30 and 31: SUR- FACE VISIBILITY PRESENT WEATHE
Page 32 and 33: 3.3 Visibility Chart As an aid for
Page 34 and 35: OUTLINE DETERMINING VISIBILITY From
Page 36 and 37: REVIEW QUESTIONS Select the best an
Page 38 and 39: 11. 12. At the time of observation,
Page 40 and 41: 23. Weather conditions being equal,
Page 42 and 43: 38. Visibility of 2 3/8 miles is re
Page 44 and 45: When more than one type of present
Page 46 and 47: 4.1.2 Descriptors Descriptors are q
Page 48 and 49: Obscurations that stand alone, i.e.
Page 50 and 51: Question: What does an observer do
Page 52 and 53: Footnotes for Weather Phenomena Mat
Page 54 and 55: 9. +FZRA a. Severe freezing rain b.
Page 56 and 57: 23. Volcanic ash is reported: a. wh
Page 58 and 59: 37. Match the following present wea
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46. Which of the following precipit
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59. Steady rain is observed 4 miles
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72. Rain showers of an unknown inte
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5.2 Sky Cover Figure 5-2. Weather O
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Example 5-2. One Layer with Single
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Figure 5-4. Advancing Layer (sky co
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5-8
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Figure 5-10. Surface-base Layer Sur
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Example 5-5. Four Layers. The follo
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Example 5-8. One Layer. Example 5-9
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1 CU - Cumulus 1 Example 5-12. Mult
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layer aloft will be considered as m
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5. When a balloon is used for deter
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OUTLINE DETERMINING SKY COVER AMOUN
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Select the correct answer. REVIEW Q
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20. If a layer aloft has less than
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40. Match the following reportable
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6.1 Temperature and Dew Point - T
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6. Obtain the difference between th
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Other examples of determining wet-b
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The conversion from ice to water ca
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a. Read right end of index in minim
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Figure 6-8. Reading a Thermometer t
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TIME G LST G UTC (2) TEMP. (°C) DE
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Method II: Centrifugal Force A shor
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INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answe
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16. Under what conditions is the de
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6-21 +130 129 128 127 126 +125 124
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6-23
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The altimeter setting shall be repo
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7-4
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7. Sea-level pressure is an adjustm
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2. Additive Data [NA SAWRS] 3- and
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8.2.2.2 24-Hour Precipitation Amoun
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When finished, put the emptied meas
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8.3.3.1 Depth of New Snow (Snowfall
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8-10
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10. A thunderstorm is overhead, mov
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26. A 6-hourly maximum temperature
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CHAPTER 9 REVIEW EXERCISES OBSERVIN
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Exercise #3 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #5 Surface based layer has
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Exercise #7 Total sky coverage is _
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Exercise #9 Lower layer has ____/8t
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Exercise #11 Total sky coverage is
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QUALITY CONTROL EXERCISE Each of th
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21. METAR KKKK 282045Z E29006KT 7SM
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42. METAR KFFF 302250Z 03008KT 40SM
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16. a. METAR 17. b. second 18. d. f
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11. - a change in wind direction of
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...unfocused lights of moderate int
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22. b precipitation occurring not a
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52. b. decreasing dominance. 53. b.
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24. 8 VV 25. 8 OVC 26. 7 BKN 27. as
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A-14
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A-16
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A-18
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18. 1200 UTC or other time modified
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9. Lower layer has 1 /8ths coverage
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16. METAR KFFF 312148Z 36005KT 1 1/
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43. METAR KGGG 052145Z 05009KT 4SM
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WET BULB TEMPERATURES 31 32 33 34 3
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WS Form B-11 (12-96) Pres. by WSOH
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C-3
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. If an altimeter setting indicator
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Training Guide in Surface Weather Observations - Multiple Choices

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