Announcing 'Stammering Research' - Stammering Research - UCL
Announcing 'Stammering Research' - Stammering Research - UCL
Announcing 'Stammering Research' - Stammering Research - UCL
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Editorial for <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />
<strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>. Vol. 1.<br />
Readers of <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> will be aware that it offers two novel features in the area of<br />
fluency research: 1) The target article and commentary format that is already lending itself to lively and<br />
stimulating debate. 2) Provision of data, software and other resources that it is hoped will have some<br />
lasting value to the research community. Sharing data is not, at present, widespread in this research<br />
community, partly because of difficult (but demonstrably surmountable) ethical and data protection<br />
issues. Sharing software has its own problems such as clashes between academic and commercial<br />
interests. There are also issues of what to do with data and software that have been made available. In<br />
this issue of <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>, the <strong>UCL</strong> group provide data that demonstrate the effects of<br />
frequency shifted feedback on voice control. These can be used for illustrative and teaching purposes<br />
or, like the data reported in the previous issue by Howell and Huckvale (2004), for audio, perceptual or<br />
other analysis that would be welcomed as submissions to <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>.<br />
The current issue of <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> includes two more target articles (authored by Acton,<br />
2004 and Sage, 2004), along with a commentariy and response to one of them. There has also been<br />
some on-going debate about the Savage/Lieven and Furnham/Davis articles which appeared in<br />
previous issues and these are published as continuing commentaries. It has become apparent that more<br />
time is needed for preparing commentaries than has been allowed to date. On the other hand, it is<br />
important that authors of target articles receive speedy feedback and for some commentators to make<br />
their point/s immediately. To meet these demands, the rules for submitting commentaries have been<br />
extended (the old convention is retained for commentaries that appear at the same time as a target<br />
article and the new convention introduced of publishing later commentaries as on-going<br />
commentaries). Details are given in ‘Notes about commentaries to <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>’. One article<br />
that appears as a continuing commentary (by Gordon and Ingrid Blood) was sent, but not received, by<br />
email in time to be published at the same time as the target article. We wish to apologize to these<br />
authors and if other commentators have experienced such problems, they should let the editor know.<br />
The two further publications that appear in the ‘<strong>Research</strong> data, software and analysis’ section both<br />
concern frequency shifted feedback. Many people have contacted the edotor of <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />
to express interest in trying out frequency shifting and delayed auditory feedback techniques. I<br />
searched round for any software that would allow people with the required hardware to do this for a<br />
free trial period. Artefact have some such software that is supplied under these conditions. Serge<br />
Joukov from that company describes this software in the article in his paper in the research data,<br />
software and analysis section of <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>. The description of the software is included so<br />
that anyone with a PC reading Howell’s (2004) review or reading and listening to the demonstrations<br />
of the effects of FSF in Howell, Davis, Bartrip and Wormald (2004) (that also appears in this issue of<br />
<strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong>) can access and try out these manipulations immediately. The software is<br />
available any where in the world though, unfortunately, the software is not available for Mac users (if<br />
anyone has a Mac program that makes such manipulations, they should let <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />
know). It should also be pointed out that when the software produces a frequency shift, there is also a<br />
time delay which is 40 ms at minimum (Joukov, personal communication). Thus this, and all other<br />
commercial devices, do not produce a pure frequency shift (unlike the original method used by Howell,<br />
El-Yaniv & Powell, 1987). Speech synchronous frequency shifts are less distracting than delayed and<br />
shifted speech and, consequently, procedures with no delay are more acceptable to long-term users. If<br />
anyone is producing a time-synchronous frequency shifting device (particularly one that is available for<br />
a free trial period), <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> would like them to submit a report for consideration for<br />
publication. Please note that <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> (and the BSA) have no commercial interest in these<br />
products and the publication of these details should not be seen as an endorsement of the said products<br />
or imply support of such approaches to alleviating stammering to the exclusion of any other. In this<br />
connection, Judith Kuster was asked to examine Joukov’s article to see whether it raised any ethical<br />
concerns. Thanks are expressed for her comments in this matter (these have been incorporated). Also,<br />
as stated previously, reports on other forms of treatment are welcomed as submissions. A lot of the<br />
reports that have appeared concern frequency shifted feedback, partly because these procedures are<br />
instrumental and the effects are easily demonstrated with audio data (thus, they lend themselves readily<br />
to the report format <strong>Stammering</strong> <strong>Research</strong> offers). Reports of other treatment procedures will also<br />
appear (such as Sage’s report of the Apple House Fluency Course’s approach to treatment.<br />
The current issue includes reports of the results obtained in the Summer of 2004 on three vacation<br />
studentships supported by the British <strong>Stammering</strong> Association. At present, these studentships are open<br />
to students in the United Kingdom and interested parties should see the BSA’s website<br />
(http://www.stammering.org) early each year for details.<br />
The next issue of the journal (which will complete volume 1) will include a report of an analysis of<br />
some of the Howell and Huckvale (2004) data. Family history data on groups of persistent and<br />
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