Identification of important interactions between subchondral bone ...

Contents
Contents
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Sammendrag på dansk (abstract in Danish) ............................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 1
Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.1 Epidemiology and etiology of osteoarthritis ................................................................................ 13
2.2 Biology of the joint .......................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Development of bone from a cartilage template ................................................................. 15
2.2.2 Adult bone - macroscopic and microscopic organization .................................................. 17
2.2.3 The cells of bone and their communications ....................................................................... 19
2.2.4 Articular cartilage ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.3 The pathology of Osteoarthritis .................................................................................................... 25
2.3.1 A chondrocyte is not just a chondrocyte .............................................................................. 26
2.3.2 The extracellular matrix of cartilage in OA .......................................................................... 28
2.3.3 The subchondral bone in OA ................................................................................................. 29
2.3.4 Diagnostics - biochemical markers as a tool ........................................................................ 30
2.4 The effect of Glucocorticoids ........................................................................................................ 33
2.5 References for CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3
Overview of OA models ........................................................................................................................... 43
3.1 Pre-clinical models ........................................................................................................................... 43
3.2 Advantages/disadvantages of pre-clinical models ...................................................................... 44
3.2.1 In vitro .......................................................................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 Ex vivo......................................................................................................................................... 44
3.2.3 In vivo........................................................................................................................................... 46
3.3 Ex vivo controls ................................................................................................................................ 47
3.4 References for CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 48
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