Identification of important interactions between subchondral bone ...

51 Lorenz H. and Richter W. Osteoarthritis: cellular and
molecular changes in degenerating cartilage. Prog
Histochem Cytochem. 2006;40(3):135-163.
52 Wollheim F.A. Serum markers of articular cartilage
damage and repair. Rheum Dis Clin North Am.
1999;25(2):417-32, viii.
53 Wotton S.F. and Duance V.C. Type III collagen in normal
human articular cartilage. Histochem J. 1994;26(5):412-
416.
54 Charni-Ben T.N. and Garnero P. Monitoring cartilage
turnover. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007;9(1):16-24.
55 Hardingham T.E. and Fosang A.J. Proteoglycans: many
forms and many functions. FASEB J. 1992;6(3):861-870.
56 Matyas J.R., Adams M.E., Huang D., and Sandell L.J.
Discoordinate gene expression of aggrecan and type II
collagen in experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum.
1995;38(3):420-425.
57 Darling E.M. and Athanasiou K.A. Rapid phenotypic
changes in passaged articular chondrocyte subpopulations.
J Orthop Res. 2005;23(2):425-432.
58 Fox A.J.S, Bedi A., and Rodeo S.A. The Basic Science of
Articular Cartilage: Structure, Composition, and Function.
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach.
2009;1(6):461-461.
59 Sah R.L, Wong B.L., Li K.W., Bae W.C, and Price J.H.
Three dimentional histomorphometric analysis of normal
adult human articular cartilage. 48th AMORS. 2001;
60 Cao Y., Vacanti J.P., Paige K.T., Upton J., and Vacanti
C.A. Transplantation of chondrocytes utilizing a polymercell
construct to produce tissue-engineered cartilage in the
shape of a human ear. Plast Reconstr Surg.
1997;100(2):297-302.
61 Poole A.R. An introduction to the pathophysiology of
osteoarthritis. Front Biosci. 1999;4:D662-D670.
62 Hayami T., Pickarski M., Wesolowski G.A., McLane J.,
Bone A., Destefano J., Rodan G.A. et al. The role of
subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: reduction
of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte
formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate
ligament transection model. Arthritis Rheum.
2004;50(4):1193-1206.
63 Casden A.M., Jaffe F.F., Kastenbaum D.M., and Bonar
S.F. Osteoarthritis associated with osteopetrosis treated by
total knee arthroplasty. Report of a case. Clin Orthop
Relat Res. 1989;(247):202-207.
CHAPTER 2: Introduction
37
64 www.zimmer.co.uk. 2011;
65 Bay-Jensen A.C., Hoegh-Madsen S., Dam E., Henriksen
K., Sondergaard B.C., Pastoureau P., Qvist P. et al. Which
elements are involved in reversible and irreversible
cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis? Rheumatol Int.
2010;30(4):435-442.
66 Vignon E., Arlot M., Patricot L.M., and Vignon G. The
cell density of human femoral head cartilage. Clin Orthop
Relat Res. 1976;(121):303-308.
67 Horton W.E., Jr., Feng L., and Adams C. Chondrocyte
apoptosis in development, aging and disease. Matrix Biol.
1998;17(2):107-115.
68 Hashimoto S., Takahashi K., Amiel D., Coutts R.D., and
Lotz M. Chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide
production during experimentally induced osteoarthritis.
Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(7):1266-1274.
69 Guerne P.A., Blanco F., Kaelin A., Desgeorges A., and
Lotz M. Growth factor responsiveness of human articular
chondrocytes in aging and development. Arthritis Rheum.
1995;38(7):960-968.
70 Martin J.A. and Buckwalter J.A. The role of chondrocyte
senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and in
limiting cartilage repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A
Suppl 2:106-110.
71 Poole C.A., Ayad S., and Schofield J.R. Chondrons from
articular cartilage: I. Immunolocalization of type VI
collagen in the pericellular capsule of isolated canine tibial
chondrons. J Cell Sci. 1988;90 ( Pt 4):635-643.
72 Pfander D., Swoboda B., and Kirsch T. Expression of
early and late differentiation markers (proliferating cell
nuclear antigen, syndecan-3, annexin VI, and alkaline
phosphatase) by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Am J
Pathol. 2001;159(5):1777-1783.
73 Aigner T., Kurz B., Fukui N., and Sandell L. Roles of
chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Curr
Opin Rheumatol. 2002;14(5):578-584.
74 Valcourt U., Gouttenoire J., ubert-Foucher E., Herbage
D., and Mallein-Gerin F. Alternative splicing of type II
procollagen pre-mRNA in chondrocytes is oppositely
regulated by BMP-2 and TGF-beta1. FEBS Lett.
2003;545(2-3):115-119.
75 Kielty C.M., Kwan A.P., Holmes D.F., Schor S.L., and
Grant M.E. Type X collagen, a product of hypertrophic
chondrocytes. Biochem J. 1985;227(2):545-554.