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Dear Denmark,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
Remember the late 1940s? That was when a group of young Danish architects and<br />
designers decided to throw off the shackles of tradition-bound design. They formed<br />
a distinctly Danish movement, inspired by natural materials, organic forms,<br />
handcrafting, and Danish humanism. Worldwide, Danish Modern became a sign of being<br />
innovative and experimental. Today it means nothing – an invisible image.<br />
Fifty-odd years later, Danish Modern is so pervasive in Denmark that it's become<br />
a stylistic canopy blocking the light necessary for new developments to flourish,<br />
a formal straitjacket that's "too perfect." Isn't it time for a new generation to<br />
break free?<br />
The Danish Architecture Centre (DAC) had a hunch that in order to cut a clearing<br />
in the forest for reinvention and to return Danish design to a leading position on<br />
the international scene, it was necessary to look at Danish culture and tradition with<br />
new eyes. DAC called in our Canadian design studio, Bruce Mau Design, to work with<br />
a team of Danish architects.<br />
Bruce Mau Design believes that design has become a way of thinking that is<br />
relevant to all aspects of living. Design allows us to re-imagine the way we live.<br />
It reveals opportunities. For design to do that, we must liberate ourselves from<br />
the straitjacket of style, and figure out what we want as effects, as capacity –<br />
the human capacity to plan and produce desired outcomes.<br />
We would like to propose a new model of design that encompasses life in all<br />
its complexity and imperfection; a model that provides a way of responding to basic<br />
questions of human existence – How should we live? Who might we become?<br />
From the start, we were commissioned to conduct an identity exercise. The<br />
exercise: to rebrand Denmark. To change Danish design is to change the country's<br />
image, both inside and outside its borders. What if we imagine Denmark as the world's<br />
biggest business. What should that enterprise offer the world?<br />
To answer that, we formed a collaboration with five teams of extraordinarily<br />
talented young Danish architects and designers: PLOT, Arkitema, Kontrapunkt, NORD<br />
and SRL Arkitekter. Together we have travelled from Denmark's farmlands and coastline<br />
to its cities and ports, and we have developed seven propositions that push us to<br />
the edge of our social imagination. Each one starts with our current condition, and<br />
imagines a set of design solutions. Then it claims and explores the territory in<br />
between here and there, finding in that middle ground "pragmatic utopias." A pragmatic<br />
utopia rests on a triple bottom line of economic, social, and ecological sustainability.<br />
It uses argument and analysis to develop its proposition. It takes architecture beyond<br />
the realm of buildings and into other areas of life that we have the capacity to<br />
design. It has universal potential. If Denmark were to adopt any one of these<br />
pragmatic utopias, there would be a global resonant impact.<br />
continued...<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/10/04 12:43 PM Page 2<br />
What if Denmark was the port to the New Europe? Superharbour proposes to<br />
consolidate all industrial harbour activity into one Baltic gate in order to liberate<br />
the harbor cities for new forms of urban life.<br />
What if Denmark had an energy bill of zero? HySociety proposes a design plan to<br />
reduce Denmark's consumption of fossil fuels to zero, by feeding waste energy back<br />
into the consumption loop.<br />
What if Denmark farmed pharmaceuticals? Pharmland proposes that Denmark transform<br />
its farmland into pharmaceutical production sites, creating a much higher yield per<br />
hectare and liberating much of the country's landscape.<br />
What if Denmark was the world's housing factory? House Express argues that most<br />
manufacturing industries have evolved from craftsmanship to mass production. But not<br />
the construction industry. This project shows how that evolution could create housing<br />
for the global market.<br />
What if Denmark made parenting effortless? Child Inc. argues that, as with many<br />
industrialized societies, Danish society is turning into a childless one. This project<br />
proposes solutions to a series of lifestyle conflicts, solutions which will radically<br />
transform the notion of caring for children.<br />
What if Denmark doubled its coastline? Endless Coastline is a tool kit that<br />
structures tourism and prevents it from destroying the authenticity of a place, in<br />
part by increasing Denmark's most sought-after feature: its coastline.<br />
What if Greenland was Africa's water fountain? New Greenland argues that lack of<br />
water is one of the world's most pressing dilemmas. Greenland, a semi-autonomous<br />
region of Denmark, has the natural resources to relieve a major part of the world's<br />
water stress.<br />
To launch its utopias into the world and test their pragmatism, this open letter<br />
is formulated as an exhibition of propositions addressed to the people who hold the<br />
purse strings and have the power to make each pragmatic utopia come true. Should<br />
Denmark take the shape of the future – or should the future take the shape of Denmark?<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
Bruce Mau Design<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/7/04 4:02 PM Page 3<br />
Kære Danmark,<br />
For Perfekt Syv Nye Danmarker<br />
Der var engang i slutningen af 1940érne en gruppe unge danske arkitekter og designere<br />
som besluttede sig for at frigøre sig fra den traditionelle formgivnings lænker.<br />
De dannede en enestående dansk bevægelse, inspireret af naturmaterialer, organiske<br />
former, håndværk og dansk humanisme. Verden over blev dansk design et symbol på<br />
nytænkning og opfindsomhed. I dag har dansk design ingen betydning – et usynligt image.<br />
Godt halvtreds år senere er den <strong>Dansk</strong>e Modernisme så dominerende i Danmark, at<br />
den er blevet et stilmæssigt dække som blokerer for det nødvendige lys, der får nye<br />
tendenser til at blomstre. Den er en formmæssig spændetrøje, som er "for perfekt".<br />
Er det ikke på tide at give plads til nye generationer?<br />
For at kunne føre dansk design tilbage til en førende position på det<br />
internationale marked, mente <strong>Dansk</strong> <strong>Arkitektur</strong> <strong>Center</strong> (DAC), at det var nødvendigt at<br />
se på dansk kultur og tradition med nye øjne. Hermed kunne der skabes en rydning i<br />
skoven til genopdagelse. DAC inviterede vores canadiske designfirma, Bruce Mau Design,<br />
til at arbejde sammen med et hold af danske arkitekter.<br />
Vi mener, at design er blevet en måde at tænke på, som er relevant i alle<br />
livets aspekter. Design giver os mulighed for igen at forestille os måder at leve på.<br />
Design åbner for nye muligheder. Men for at design virkelig kan udfolde disse nye<br />
muligheder er det nødvendigt, at vi frigør os fra tidligere stilarters spændetrøjer<br />
og finder ud af, hvilke resultater vi ønsker og hvilken kapacitet der skal udnyttes.<br />
Vi vil gerne foreslå en ny designmodel, som favner livet i dets kompleksitet<br />
og mangelfuldhed. En model som giver mulighed for at svare på den menneskelige<br />
eksistens basale spørgsmål: Hvordan bør vi bo og leve? Hvad kan vi blive til?<br />
Fra starten var vi hyret til at gennemføre en identitets-undersøgelse. Øvelsen:<br />
At "brande" Danmark igen. At ændre dansk design er at ændre landets image, både<br />
indenfor og udenfor landets grænser. Hvad nu, hvis vi forestiller os, at Danmark<br />
er verdens største virksomhed? Hvad ville denne virksomhed tilbyde verden?<br />
For at svare på spørgsmålet indgik vi et samarbejde med fem talentfulde teams<br />
af unge danske arkitekter og designere: PLOT, Arkitema, Kontrapunkt, NORD og SRL<br />
Arkitekter. Sammen har vi rejst fra Danmarks landbrugsområder og kystlinjer til byerne<br />
og havnene, og har udviklet syv forslag, som presser os til grænsen af vores sociale<br />
forestillinger. Hvert forslag tager udgangspunkt i vores nuværende forhold og et<br />
sæt mulige design-løsninger. Derefter tager det fat i og udforsker området mellem<br />
nutiden og fremtiden, finder balancen og dermed de "pragmatiske utopier". En<br />
pragmatisk utopi hviler på en tredelt bundlinje af økonomisk, social og økologisk<br />
holdbarhed. Den bruger argumenter og analyser til at udvikle forslaget. Den fører<br />
arkitekturen ud over bygningens ramme og over til andre aspekter af livet, som vi<br />
har mulighed for at designe. Der er et universelt potentiale. Hvis Danmark<br />
gennemfører en enkelt af disse pragmatiske utopier, vil det give genlyd globalt.<br />
fortsættes...<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/9/04 1:23 PM Page 4<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmark var havnen til det nye Europa? Superharbour foreslår at<br />
sammenlægge al industriel havneaktivitet i Østersøen, så havnebyerne bliver frigjort<br />
til nye former for byliv.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmarks energiregning var på nul kroner? HySociety har udarbejdet<br />
en plan for, hvordan Danmark kan nedbringe sit forbrug af fossile brændstoffer til nul.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmark dyrkede medicin? Pharmland foreslår, at Danmark omdanner<br />
landbrugsområder til medicinale produktionsområder, som skaber et meget højere afkast<br />
pr. hektar og frigør meget af landets natur.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmark var verdens boligfabrik? House Express hævder, at de fleste<br />
produktionsindustrier har udviklet sig fra håndværk til masseproduktion. Bare ikke<br />
byggeindustrien. Dette projekt viser hvordan det, at bygge huse for det globale marked<br />
kunne foregå.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmark gjorde det lettere at være forældre? Child Inc. hævder, at<br />
ligesom i mange andre industrialiserede samfund, er det danske samfund ved at blive<br />
et barnløst samfund og foreslår løsninger til en række livsstilskonflikter. Løsninger,<br />
som radikalt vil forandre opfattelsen af omsorg for børn.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Danmark fordoblede sin kystlinie? Endless Coastline er en række<br />
værktøjer til hvordan turismen kan struktureres og forhindre ødelæggelse af stedets<br />
egenart, delvist ved at øge Danmarks mest efterspurgte attraktion: Dets kystlinie.<br />
Hvad nu, hvis Grønland var Afrikas brønd? New Greenland hævder, at manglen på vand<br />
er et af verdens vigtigste problemer. Grønland, en delvist selvstyrende region i<br />
Danmark, har en naturlig ressource, som kan afhjælpe en væsentlig del af verdens<br />
mangel på vand.<br />
Meningen med dette brev er at sætte de syv utopier og forslag ud i verden og<br />
teste deres bæreevne. Brevet er stilet til de mennesker, som styrer pengene og som har<br />
magten til at gøre hver pragmatisk utopi til virkelighed. Sammen har vi magten til at<br />
få fremtiden til at tage form af Danmark, frem for at Danmark tager form af fremtiden.<br />
venlig hilsen<br />
For Perfekt Syv Nye Danmarker<br />
Bruce Mau Design<br />
og holdet bag For Perfekt projektet<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/7/04 4:02 PM Page 5<br />
Cara Danimarca,<br />
Troppo Perfetto Sette Nuove Danimarche<br />
ricordi i tardi anni quaranta? Fu quando un gruppo di giovani architetti e designers<br />
danesi decisero di spezzare le catene dei tradizionali confini del design. Crearono un<br />
movimento esplicitamente danese, ispirato da materiali naturali, forme organiche,<br />
artigianato e umanesimo danese. Il movimento moderno danese divenne, su scala mondiale,<br />
simbolo di innovazione e sperimentazione. Oggi non significa niente-un'immagine<br />
invisibile.<br />
Più di cinquanta anni dopo, il movimento moderno danese ha compenetrato a tal<br />
punto la Danimarca da divenire una sorta di copertura stilistica che impedisce alla<br />
luce di far fiorire nuovi movimenti. Una camicia di forza figurativa, che è "troppo<br />
perfetta". Non è forse ora che la nuova generazione se ne liberi?<br />
Il Centro di Architettura danese (DAC) ha avuto la sensazione che per poter aprire<br />
un varco nella foresta per la reinvenzione e portare nuovamente il design danese a una<br />
posizione di punta nella scena internazionale fosse necessario guardare alla cultura<br />
e alla tradizione danese con un nuovo sguardo. DAC ha così chiamato il nostro studio<br />
di design canadese, il Bruce Mau Design, per lavorare con un team di architetti danesi.<br />
Crediamo che il design sia divenuto una maniera di pensare pertinente a tutti<br />
gli aspetti del vivere. Il design ci consente di re-immaginare il modo in cui viviamo.<br />
Rivela delle opportunità. Perché il design possa fare questo, dobbiamo dismettere<br />
la camicia di forza dello stile e capire cosa vogliamo in termini di effetti e<br />
capacità-intendendo la capacità umana di pianificare e produrre i risultati auspicati.<br />
Vorremmo proporre un nuovo modello di design che racchiuda la vita in tutta la<br />
sua complessità e imperfezione; un modello che fornisca un modo di rispondere<br />
alle questioni basilari dell'esistenza umana. - Come dovremmo vivere? Chi dovremmo<br />
diventare? Dall'inizio ci era stato chiesto di condurre un esercizio di identità.<br />
L'esercizio: dare un nuovo marchio alla Danimarca. Cambiare il design danese<br />
significa cambiare l'immagine del paese, dentro e fuori i suoi confini. Proviamo a<br />
immaginare che la Danimarca sia il più grosso business del mondo. Che cosa dovrebbe<br />
offrire questa impresa al mondo?<br />
Per rispondere a questo quesito abbiamo dato luogo a una collaborazione con<br />
cinque team di giovani architetti e designers danesi particolarmente dotati di<br />
talento: PLOT, Arkitema, Kontrapunkt, NORD e SRL Arkitekter. Insieme abbiamo viaggiato<br />
dalle aree coltivate e dalla costa sino alle sue città e ai suoi porti, e abbiamo<br />
sviluppato sette proposte che ci spingono ai limiti della nostra immaginazione<br />
sociale. Ognuna prende spunto dalla nostra condizione attuale, e contempla una serie<br />
di soluzioni di design. Poi si appropria del territorio e lo esplora trovando in<br />
un'area intermedia "utopie pragmatiche". Una utopia pragmatica si poggia su una<br />
triplice linea di fondo di sostenibilità economica, sociale ed ecologica. Si serve<br />
del dibattito e dell'analisi per sviluppare le sue proposte. Trasferisce<br />
l'architettura aldilà del mondo degli edifici, in altri spazi della vita nei quali<br />
possiamo progettare. Ha un potenziale universale. Se la Danimarca adottasse qualcuna<br />
di queste utopie pragmatiche si produrrebbe un impatto di risonanza globale.<br />
continua...<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/10/04 8:51 AM Page 6<br />
E se la Danimarca fosse il porto delle Nuova Europa? Superharbour propone di<br />
concentrare tutte le attività industriali del porto in un unico gate baltico in modo<br />
tale da aprire i porti delle città a nuove forme di vita urbana.<br />
E se la Danimarca avesse una bolletta dell'energia pari a zero? HySociety propone<br />
un piano di design per ridurre il consumo di conbustibile fossile a zero, reimettendo<br />
l'energia in eccesso nel circuito del consumo.<br />
E se la Danimarca fosse una fattoria per prodotti farmaceutici? Pharmland propone<br />
che la Danimarca trasformi le sue fattorie in aree per la produzione farmaceutica,<br />
in modo tale da avere un raccolto molto più alto per ettaro e quindi affrancare gran<br />
parte del paesaggio del paese.<br />
E se la Danimarca fosse l'industria per gli allogggi nel mondo? House Express<br />
sostiene che le industrie manifatturiere si siano evolute dall'artigianato alla<br />
produzione di massa, ma non così l'industria della costruzione. Questo progetto mostra<br />
come questa evoluzione possa avvenire, realizzando alloggi per il mercato globale.<br />
E se la Danimarca producesse parentele che non affaticano? Child Inc. ritiene<br />
che, così come molte società industrializzate, la società danese stia divenendo una<br />
società senza bambini e propone soluzioni ad una serie di conflitti dello stile di<br />
vita, soluzioni che trasformerebbero radicalmente la nozione dell'allevare bambini.<br />
E se la Danimarca raddoppiasse le sue coste? Endless Coastline è un kit di attrezzi<br />
che struttura il turismo e gli impedisce di distruggere l'autenticità di un luogo, in<br />
parte incrementando la caratteristica più ricercata della Danimarca: la sua costa.<br />
E se la Groenlandia fosse la fontana d'acqua dell'Africa? New Greenland sostiene<br />
che la mancanza d'acqua sia uno dei problemi più gravi del mondo. La Groenlandia, una<br />
regione semiautonoma della Danimarca, ha delle risorse naturali capaci di risolvere in<br />
gran parte l'emergenza acqua nel mondo.<br />
Per lanciare le proprie utopie nel mondo e testare il loro pragmatismo, questa<br />
lettera aperta è concepita come esibizione di proposte indirizzate a persone che<br />
detengono il potere economico e quello per rendere reale ognuna di queste utopie<br />
pragmatiche. Possiamo fare in modo che il futuro assuma la forma della Danimarca,<br />
piuttosto che la Danimarca assuma la forma del futuro?<br />
Cordiali saluti<br />
Troppo Perfetto Sette Nuove Danimarche<br />
Bruce Mau Design<br />
e il team del progetto Troppo Perfetto<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 snd 8/7/04 4:02 PM Page 7
21528 snd 8/9/04 1:04 PM Page 8<br />
lorem ipsum<br />
danish designer<br />
1960<br />
(above) The National Bank of Denmark, Arne Jacobsen, 1978. Photo: Hans Dissing<br />
(right) Wishbone Chair, Hans J.Wegner, 1963.<br />
lorem ipsum<br />
danish designer<br />
1960<br />
lorem ipsum<br />
danish designer<br />
1960
21528 snd 8/9/04 3:30 PM Page 9<br />
This project presents a new global<br />
future for Danish architecture and<br />
design with prospects for the coming<br />
generation of Danish architects. With<br />
it we have allowed ourselves to be<br />
self-critical. We asked ourselves<br />
whether Danish architecture and<br />
design have been resting on their<br />
laurels too long, have been too much<br />
polished perfection, have waited for the<br />
genius in vain and have made too few<br />
inventions.<br />
And so we brought up the question<br />
of whether Denmark has been outstripped<br />
by the 21st century’s global<br />
innovation culture. We have asked<br />
the future generation of architects to<br />
answer this question and to consider<br />
a classic, but cool challenge: Where<br />
do we come from, and where are<br />
we heading? How do we re-think<br />
the unique tradition of Danish 20th<br />
century architecture and design so<br />
as to transform it into a cultural and<br />
financial asset in the 21st century’s<br />
global society?<br />
We invited the Canadian designer<br />
Bruce Mau to curate. Bruce Mau<br />
was an obvious choice when creating<br />
an exhibition focusing on the future<br />
and identity of design. To be able<br />
to make a decision on whether to<br />
accept or decline the invitation, Bruce<br />
Mau asked us to deliver exactly<br />
100 books about Danish architecture,<br />
design and culture. We sent Bruce<br />
Mau 99 of our most influential books.<br />
Bruce Mau Design researched the<br />
material for months and returned with<br />
the conclusion: “You are simply too<br />
perfect – together we can do something<br />
about that!”<br />
This publication is book No. 100.<br />
It contains the exhibition’s seven<br />
specific bids for future architecture<br />
and design – documented by a myriad<br />
of analyses, data, inspiration, and<br />
thinking.<br />
I would like to thank Bruce Mau<br />
for accepting our invitation and for his<br />
acquaintance, which provided us with<br />
tremendous insights and boundless<br />
visions. I thank the BMD team for<br />
giving Danish architecture and design<br />
a vigorous boost of a broad spectrum<br />
nature. And I thank the PLOT studio<br />
for their tenacity in assuming the dual<br />
role of co-curator and architect team<br />
in preparing the exhibition, together<br />
with the architects of Arkitema, SRL<br />
Arkitekter, Kontrapunkt and NORD.<br />
I want to thank all participants for<br />
making an unparalleled effort. The<br />
same applies to DAC’s own staff and<br />
its highly competent teamwork with<br />
all of the partners in the project.<br />
Moreover, I would like to thank<br />
the Danish Minister of Cultural Affairs<br />
Brian Mikkelsen for appointing DAC<br />
the commissioner for the official<br />
Danish contribution to the 9th<br />
International Architecture Biennale<br />
in Venice 2004. It has been the entry<br />
point to a world of innovation. The entire<br />
project has come into being thanks to<br />
the cooperation and financial support<br />
of DAC’s business partners, public<br />
authorities and other partners. I want<br />
to express my thanks to William J.S.<br />
Boyle, Harbourfront Centre, for his<br />
generosity. My thanks also go to the<br />
Danish Ministry of Cultural Affairs,<br />
The Danish Arts Agency, the Danish<br />
mortgage bank Nykredit, The<br />
Realdania Foundation, NCC, Arkitema,<br />
Montana/Djob, Carl Bro and Vision<br />
Lab as well as The Danish Arts<br />
Foundation’s Architecture Committee<br />
for their professional and financial<br />
support. I also thank the Architects’<br />
Association of Denmark, The Danish<br />
newspaper Berlingske Tidende, ZEES,<br />
DTKommunikation and all contributors<br />
to The Danish Modern Hall of Fame<br />
and to the exhibition itself for their<br />
important support.<br />
Kent Martinussen<br />
Architect and Director<br />
DAC | Danish Architecture Centre
21528 snd 8/10/04 10:17 AM Page 10
21528 snd 8/10/04 10:17 AM Page 11<br />
(clockwise from upper left)<br />
Room 606, Arne Jacobsen, 1960. Photo: Kim Ahm<br />
Chieftain Chair, Finn Juhl, 1949.<br />
Le Klint 172, Poul Christiansen, 1971.<br />
Monkey, Kay Bojesen, 1951.<br />
Langelinie Pavillonen, Eva and Niels Koppel, 1958.
21528 snd 8/9/04 1:05 PM Page 12<br />
(top) Plus-Linje Collection, Verner Panton, 1960.<br />
(left) EJ 100 Ox Chair, Hans J.Wegner, 1960.<br />
(right) Arne Jacobsen Cultery, Arne Jacobsen, 1957.
21528 snd 8/9/04 1:05 PM Page 13<br />
Dette projekt præsenterer bud på en<br />
ny global fremtid for dansk arkitektur<br />
og design. Vi har tilladt os at være<br />
selvkritiske. Vi stiller os selv spørgsmålet,<br />
om ikke dansk arkitektur og design har<br />
hvilet for længe på laurbærrene, filet<br />
for meget på perfektionen, ventet<br />
forgæves på “geniet” og opfundet for<br />
lidt?<br />
Vi stiller således spørgsmålet,<br />
om Danmark er blevet overhalet<br />
af det 21. århundredes globale<br />
innovationskultur? Og vi har bedt den<br />
kommende generation af arkitekter,<br />
om at komme med svarene og forholde<br />
sig til et klassisk, men cool spørgsmål:<br />
Hvor kommer vi fra og hvor skal vi hen?<br />
Hvordan gentænker vi dansk arkitektur<br />
og designs enestående tradition fra<br />
det 20. århundrede, så den bliver et<br />
kulturelt og økonomisk aktiv i det 21.<br />
århundredes globale samfund?<br />
Vi inviterede den canadiske<br />
designer Bruce Mau til at kuratere en<br />
projektudstilling. Valget var oplagt, når<br />
vi sætter fokus på arkitektur og designs<br />
fremtid og identitet. Som grundlag for<br />
at tage stilling til invitationen bad<br />
Bruce Mau om præcis 100 bøger om<br />
dansk arkitektur, design og kultur.<br />
Vi sendte Bruce Mau 99 af vores<br />
mest indflydelsesrige bøger. Bruce<br />
Mau Design researchede materialet<br />
i måneder og vendte tilbage med<br />
konklusionen: “I er simpelthen for<br />
perfekte, lad os sammen gøre noget<br />
ved det”!<br />
Denne publikation udgør således<br />
bog nr. 100. Den rummer udstillingens<br />
syv konkrete bud på fremtidens<br />
arkitektur og design dokumenteret<br />
af en myriade af analyser, data,<br />
inspiration, tænkning og gentænkning<br />
global innovation!<br />
Jeg vil gerne takke Bruce Mau for at<br />
have taget imod invitationen og for et<br />
fantastisk bekendtskab med svimlende<br />
indsigter og uendelige udsyn. Jeg<br />
takker Bruce Mau Design for at have<br />
givet dansk arkitektur og design en<br />
kraftig indsprøjtning af bredspektret<br />
karakter. Jeg takker tegnestuen<br />
PLOT for sejt, at have påtaget sig<br />
dobbeltrollen som såvel co-kurator<br />
som arkitektteam i udstillingen<br />
sammen med arkitekterne fra Arkitema,<br />
SRL Arkitekter, Kontrapunkt og NORD.<br />
Alle deltagere takkes for en enestående<br />
indsats. Det samme gælder DACs<br />
egen stab og dens proffesionelle<br />
teamwork med alle projektets<br />
samarbejdspartnere.<br />
En særlig tak til Kulturminister<br />
Brian Mikkelsen for udpegningen som<br />
kommissær for det officielle danske<br />
bidrag til den 9. Internationale<br />
<strong>Arkitektur</strong>biennale i Venedig 2004.<br />
Det har været indgangen til en verden<br />
af udvikling. Det samlede projekt er<br />
blevet til i samarbejde med og med<br />
nødvendig støtte fra DACs erhvervspartnere,<br />
offentlige instanser samt<br />
øvrige samarbejdspartnere. William<br />
J.S. Boyle, Harbourfront Centre takkes<br />
for sin generøsitet. Kulturministeriet,<br />
Kunststyrelsen, Nykredit, Fonden<br />
Realdania, NCC, Arkitema, Montana/<br />
Djob, Carl Bro og Vision Lab samt<br />
Statens Kunstfonds <strong>Arkitektur</strong>udvalg<br />
takkes alle for deres faglige som<br />
økonomiske opbakning, ligesom<br />
Akademisk Arkitektforening, Berlingske<br />
Tidende, ZEES, DTKommunikation<br />
samt alle bidragydere til The Danish<br />
Modern Hall of Fame samt udstillingen<br />
i øvrigt takkes for deres støtte.<br />
Kent Martinussen<br />
Arkitekt og direktør<br />
DAC | <strong>Dansk</strong> <strong>Arkitektur</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
21528 snd 8/10/04 12:51 PM Page 14<br />
VP Globe, Verner Panton, 1969.
21528 snd 8/10/04 11:15 AM Page 15<br />
Brand Position<br />
It rose into the world<br />
as the zenith of modern<br />
domestic style.<br />
Danish Modernism<br />
was born as<br />
“a curve with<br />
meaning<br />
and purpose.”1<br />
To break free of this<br />
stylistic straightjacket<br />
we must look at<br />
Danish design from<br />
a new perspective.<br />
Peakpunkt<br />
Too Perfect<br />
The Madonnakurven<br />
For pop star Madonna, the act of<br />
reinvention is what life is all about.<br />
At the exact moment public interest<br />
wanes, she reinvents herself, using<br />
the old identity as a springboard into<br />
the new.<br />
Katapult<br />
Time<br />
Seven New Denmarks<br />
Now, it's settled into<br />
a slow decline, as the<br />
ideal turns too perfect.<br />
1 Hans J. Wegner, 1958
21528 snd 8/9/04 1:05 PM Page 16<br />
EJ 5 Corona, Poul Volther, 1961.
21528 superharbour 8/7/04 10:26 AM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
was the<br />
port to<br />
the New<br />
Europe?<br />
Superharbour<br />
PLOT
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 10:13 PM Page 2<br />
Mærsk McKinney Møller, Senior Partner<br />
A.P. Møller – Maersk A/S<br />
Esplanaden 50<br />
1098 Copenhagen, Denmark<br />
Dear Mærsk McKinney Møller,<br />
A series of changing conditions confront Denmark as a nation with new challenges and<br />
opportunities.<br />
1. The European Union has expanded to the east. By 2005, This “New Europe” will be<br />
larger in population and GDP than the US. Denmark occupies a geographically and<br />
culturally key position to facilitate the growth and integration of the New Europe.<br />
2. Danes are rushing to the city centres. Increased density is driving house prices<br />
sky high and the poor out of town. The average Dane spends more than half of his or her<br />
income on rent! The exodus of the poor to the periphery is threatening the egalitarian<br />
welfare state.<br />
3. Real estate value is defined by location. Location is defined by proximities:<br />
proximity to the city centre and proximity to the water – in both cases, the closer a<br />
property is, the higher the value. At the moment, industrial harbours occupy our most<br />
attractive sites with the most noisy, dusty and polluting activities.<br />
Do five million people need more than one harbour? Could a single harbour serve a<br />
hinterland of 300 million people?<br />
We propose consolidating all Danish harbour traffic into a strategically located<br />
Superharbour, creating a new gate to the Baltic Sea markets and a new industrial<br />
growth zone joining CoMa (Copenhagen-Malmø), HamBrem (Hamburg-Bremen) and BeNeLux<br />
(Belgium-Netherlands-Luxembourg) into one continuous belt of economic growth.<br />
The new Superharbour will be located on the soon-to-be-built Fehmern bridge between<br />
Denmark and Germany, at the optimum intersection of north-south traffic between<br />
Scandinavia and Europe, and east-west traffic between the New Europe and the rest of<br />
the world.<br />
The Superharbour will liberate 20 billion euros worth of prime real estate in<br />
Denmark’s 12 biggest cities for new forms of urban life, allowing the cities to<br />
consolidate their growth where people want to live, rather than scattering ever more<br />
suburban developments on the urban peripheries.<br />
The Superharbour will become a reality sooner or later. It’s only a matter of how and<br />
when. If we initiate it now – through one coordinated, collective effort rather than<br />
an endless series of random conversions – we can exploit all the advantages and<br />
synergies of a planned process, and achieve a super harbour worthy of the world’s<br />
largest fleet.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
PLOT<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
cc. Mr. Fleming Hansen, Minister for Transport, Denmark<br />
cc. Mr. Manfred Stolpe, Minister for Transport, Germany<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 10:17 PM Page 3
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 7:00 PM Page 4<br />
WHY DO WE SPEND OUR<br />
BEST PLACES ON THE<br />
MOST NOISY AND DUSTY<br />
ACTIVITIES?<br />
DOES 5 MIO PEOPLE PEOPLE<br />
NEED MORE THAN ONE<br />
HARBOUR...<br />
HARBOUR...<br />
300 MIO PEOPLE ?<br />
AND COULD ONE PORT BE<br />
THE GATE TO...<br />
WHY ARE WE PUSHED TO<br />
THE PERIPHERY, WHEN WE<br />
WANT TO LIVE TOGETHER<br />
IN THE CENTRES?<br />
COULD DENMARK<br />
CREATE A BALTIC<br />
SUPERHARBOUR?
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 3:39 PM Page 5<br />
FLEET...<br />
THE... ...WORLD!<br />
BLUE DENMARK IS<br />
TWICE THE SIZE OF<br />
GREEN DENMARK!<br />
WORTHY OF...<br />
THERE ARE 2 MAPS OF<br />
DENMARK.<br />
A GREEN ONE...<br />
THE LARGEST...<br />
IN...<br />
...AND A BLUE ONE.<br />
THE DANISH<br />
COASTLINE IS 7000<br />
KM LONG.
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 7:31 PM Page 6<br />
40% OF OUR<br />
COASTLINE IS!<br />
BUT IF WE LOOK AT WHAT KIND OF MONEY<br />
WE MAKE ON THESE AREAS, WE CAN SEE<br />
THAT THE TOTAL REVENUE FROM THE<br />
DANISH HARBOUR ACTIVITY IS A FRACTION<br />
OF FOR INSTANCE TOURISM!<br />
IF WE STRETCH IT OUT<br />
IT WILL REACH ALL THE<br />
WAY TO SOUTH AFRICA<br />
OR PAKISTAN!<br />
IT SEEMS THAT<br />
WE USE THE BEST<br />
PLACES FOR THE<br />
WORST BUSINESS!<br />
BUT A GROWING<br />
BUSINESS!!<br />
ALL OUR MAJOR CITIES ARE<br />
ON THE WATERFRONT. AND<br />
EVEN THOUGH ONLY 12 % OF<br />
DENMARK IS URBANISED...<br />
2/3 OF THE DANES<br />
LIVE WITHIN 5 KM<br />
OF THE SEA!
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 9:30 PM Page 7<br />
TODAY 98% OF<br />
GLOBAL GOODS<br />
TRAFFIC IS BY SEA!<br />
AND THE NEW EUROPEAN<br />
COUNTRIES HAVE THE<br />
HIGHEST GROWTH RATES IN<br />
EUROPE...<br />
AND CONTAINER TRAFFIC<br />
AND IN THE CONTAINER BALTIC SEA TRAFFIC<br />
IN DOUBLES THE BALTIC EVERY SEA 5 YEARS!<br />
DOUBLES EVERY 5 YEARS!<br />
BALTIC CONTAINERTRAFFIC<br />
BALTIC CONTAINERTRAFFIC<br />
BUT ONLY 7 % OF THE<br />
NATIONAL GOODS TRAFFIC<br />
IS BY SHIP...SHIPPING IS<br />
GLOBAL - TRUCKING IS<br />
LOCAL!<br />
IN DENMARK 75%<br />
OF INTERNATIONAL<br />
TRAFFIC GOES ON A<br />
SHIP!<br />
INDUSTRIAL HARBOUR EVOLUTION DK<br />
1930 1970 2004<br />
THE AMOUNT OF CONTAINERS<br />
ON THE OCEANS HAS GROWN<br />
EXPONENTIALLY SINCE THE<br />
DK HAS A REDUCING<br />
AMOUNT OF<br />
INTERNATIONAL<br />
HARBOURS!
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 4:54 PM Page 8
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 5:25 PM Page 9<br />
CARGO TRAFFIC THROUGH FEMERN BELT 2002<br />
2.2 MIO TEU<br />
THE MOST EXPENSIVE<br />
SOLUTION IS A PURE<br />
BRIDGE...<br />
...SEPARATING THE COMA<br />
REGION - COPENHAGEN /<br />
MALMØ FROM THE GROWTH<br />
ZONES IN NORTHERN<br />
GERMANY!<br />
HAMBURG<br />
5.5 MIO TONS<br />
BUT A HYBRID CONNECTION OF BRIDGE<br />
AND TUNNEL WILL SAVE 1/2 A BILLION<br />
EUROES AND PROVIDE A NEW ARTIFICIAL<br />
ISLAND IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CROSSING<br />
OF FLOWS OF INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC!<br />
KØBENHAVN<br />
KØB KØ KØB<br />
THIS IS THE CROSSING POINT OF THE TWO<br />
MAIN FLOWS OF GOODS IN THE REGION.<br />
THE NORTH/SOUTH AXIS FROM SCANDINA-<br />
VIA TO EUROPE, AND THE EAST/WEST AXIS<br />
FROM THE NEW EUROPE TO THE REST OF<br />
THE WORLD!<br />
TODAY THIS AREA<br />
EXPERIENCES<br />
NEGATIVE GROWTH....<br />
THE NEW SUPERHARBOUR<br />
WOULD BECOME A LOGISTIC<br />
AND INDUSTRIAL HUBSPOT<br />
CONNECTING THE TWO<br />
EXISTING GROWTH ZONES...<br />
HAMBURG<br />
OR A PURE TUNNEL...<br />
FEMERN<br />
LOLLAND-FALSTER<br />
KØBENHAVN<br />
KØB KØ KØB
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 8:09 PM Page 10
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 7:50 PM Page 11<br />
AND 36.000.000 M2<br />
OF HARBOUR!<br />
IF POPULATED WITH THE DENSITY<br />
OF TOKYO, A THIRD OF THE DANISH<br />
POPULATIOIN COULD MOVE THERE.<br />
ALLOWING ALL DANES TO LIVE BY<br />
DENSITY COMPARISON 36 KM2<br />
THE SEA!!<br />
THE FREED WATERFRONTS<br />
ARE WORTH 20 BILLIONS<br />
EUROES - 20 TIMES MORE<br />
THAN THE COST OF THE SU-<br />
PERHARBOUR!<br />
120 KM OF URBAN<br />
COASTLINE!<br />
LA PARIS NEW YORK TOKYO<br />
THE LIBERATED WATER-<br />
FRONTS WILL DOUBLE<br />
THE SIZE OF THE CITY<br />
CENTRES!<br />
36KM2<br />
25<br />
36KM2<br />
THE NEW<br />
WATERFRONTS<br />
CONSTITUTE...<br />
MORE THAN 25<br />
TIMES THE LENGTH<br />
OF COPACABANA!!
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 2:52 PM Page 12<br />
COLLECT ALL THE AREAS YOU<br />
NEED TO ACCOMODATE.<br />
RESHUFFLE THEM<br />
ACCORDING TO<br />
PROGRAM AND USE...<br />
...WE ARE FREE<br />
TO ORGANISE THE<br />
SUPERHARBOUR WITH<br />
PIERS IN ALL DIRECTIONS!<br />
EACH PIER CAN<br />
BE DEVOTED TO A<br />
PARTICULAR PURPOSE...<br />
...WE ARE FREE<br />
TO ORGANISE THE<br />
SUPERHARBOUR WITH<br />
PIERS IN ALL DIRECTIONS!<br />
AND ALL PIERS WILL<br />
BE CONNECTED TO THE<br />
CENTRAL NODE OF TRAINS,<br />
TRUCKS AND INDUSTRIES!<br />
COLLECT ALL THE AREAS<br />
YOU NEED TO ACCOMODATE/<br />
CONCENTRATE...
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 2:24 PM Page 13<br />
AND HAVE THE SAME<br />
CONTAINER CAPACITY<br />
AS ROTTERDAM!<br />
...VISIBLE FROM<br />
OUTER SPACE!!!<br />
THE SUPERHARBOUR<br />
THE SUPERHARBOUR<br />
WILL BE SEVEN TIMES<br />
WILL BE BIGGER SEVEN THAN TIMES THE APM<br />
BIGGER TERMINAL THAN THE IN APM MIAMI...<br />
TERMINAL IN MIAMI...<br />
...VISIBLE FROM<br />
OUTER SPACE!!!
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 10:22 PM Page 14
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 10:22 PM Page 15
21528 superharbour 8/9/04 2:04 PM Page 16<br />
Cylinda-Line, Arne Jacobsen, 1967.
21568 pharmland 8/4/04 1:11 PM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
farmed<br />
pharmaceuticals?<br />
Pharmland<br />
NORD
21568 pharmland 8/4/04 1:19 PM Page 2<br />
Franz Fischler, The European Commissioner of Agriculture<br />
200, Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat<br />
B-1049 Brussels, Belgium<br />
Dear Franz Fischler,<br />
The Farmer is our national hero. Our welfare is founded on his creation: the most<br />
efficient Farmland the world has ever seen. But our hero is suffering. Like a roman<br />
gladiator he is caught in the coliseum of politics. EU subsidies make him perform his<br />
tricks over and over again. EU subsidies keep the more competitive non-EU farmers from<br />
taking his place. This sentences all farmers in the world to an uncertain future.<br />
The crowd will grant our gladiator only one chance of deliverance – a return to<br />
the past. "Do it like in the old days, do it less dirty, do it less efficient," they<br />
keep shouting.<br />
In the crowd only one person is silent. His name is is August Krogh and he holds<br />
our message of deliverance. In 1923 Mr. Krogh was the first Dane to see more in pigs<br />
than just bacon. He saw the insulin in their pancreas and unknowingly initiated a new<br />
story about Denmark as – no longer a Farmland – but a Pharmland.<br />
Mr. Krogh feels pity for the Farmer-Gladiator and whispers: "Do it my way. Become<br />
a Pharmer." "Make your fields, greenhouses and stables produce something more beneficial<br />
than food. Make medicine for the world. Give the Danes something to be proud of again."<br />
Mr. Krogh's whisper goes out to you, dear Commissioner. Help us reinvent Denmark<br />
as a Pharmland: a contemporary production landscape that cures our suffering landscape<br />
by injecting it with pharmaceuticals. We will use genetical engineering to change<br />
the output of agriculture from low value food to high value medicine and industrial<br />
products. We can once again become world leaders in designing production landscapes.<br />
And in so doing, providing a new welfare for Denmark and letting the world benefit<br />
from the new curing output of our landscape.<br />
In a free global market we will need to add value to our agriculture if we<br />
want to be competitive. And the time for change has come. Today, subsidised farming<br />
occupies 62% of Denmark. In Pharmland a much smaller production landscape could<br />
support our welfare and thereby liberate 20% of Denmark that can be given back to the<br />
people. They would use it to fulfil their dreams: a new wilderness, a new golden age,<br />
new ways of building and living in the landscape.<br />
Help us make Pharmland come true.<br />
Yours sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
NORD<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
In collaboration with 2+1<br />
cc. Giovanni Alemanno, Italian Minister of Agricultural and Agri-Food<br />
cc. Hans Christian Schmidt, Danish Minister of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21568 pharmland 8/2/04 12:53 PM Page 3
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 9:59 PM Page 4
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:08 PM Page 5
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:32 PM Page 6
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:32 PM Page 7
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:08 PM Page 8
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:08 PM Page 9
21568 pharmland 8/6/04 8:24 AM Page 10
21568 pharmland 8/6/04 2:45 PM Page 11
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 8:08 PM Page 12
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 9:52 PM Page 13
21568 pharmland 8/2/04 12:53 PM Page 14
21568 pharmland 8/2/04 12:53 PM Page 15
21568 pharmland 8/5/04 6:35 PM Page 16<br />
Panton Chair, Verner Panton, 1959-60.<br />
Photo: Hans Hansen
21528 child inc 8/4/04 4:09 PM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
made<br />
parenting<br />
effortless?<br />
Child Inc.<br />
Kontrapunkt
21528 child inc 8/4/04 4:09 PM Page 2<br />
Dr. Torben M. Andersen<br />
The Danish Welfare Commission<br />
Landgreven 4<br />
1301 Copenhagen, Denmark<br />
Dear Torben M. Andersen,<br />
One of the biggest challenges facing Danish society is its inability to reproduce<br />
itself. The Danish birthrate has been in steady decline since the 1960s.<br />
The statistics are staggering. Where we used to have a pyramid structure (more<br />
young than old people), we are now approaching a reverse pyramid. By 2040, almost half<br />
of the population will be over 60 years old.<br />
Will Denmark be the retirement capital of Europe? Can we imagine a successful<br />
society that declines? Can Denmark be an island of homogeneity in a heterogeneous Europe?<br />
The declining birthrate – a problem facing almost all European countries – will<br />
have huge economic, social and political consequences. Those societies with a majority<br />
population of retirement age will most likely be unable to sustain their standard of<br />
living because there will be fewer people to pay into the pension system. So long as we<br />
continue to educate and liberate our citizens, the birthrate will continue to fall.<br />
The only way to correct the imbalance is to create a society where caring for children<br />
is supported and embraced. This is simply a precondition for sustaining our welfare.<br />
To remain a society with a healthy ratio of young and old people, we will need<br />
65,000 more children per year in Denmark until 2050. We can either import them or<br />
produce them. No matter where the children come from, the problem of raising children<br />
in Denmark remains.<br />
We have a proposal. We have analyzed why people in Denmark don't want children.<br />
According to our research, a large number feel one or several of the following: that<br />
child-rearing is too expensive, that they don't have the time, that it takes their<br />
freedom away, that it doesn't fit with their lifestyle. Our proposal, Child Inc.,<br />
consists of a number of design solutions that address these lifestyle conflicts –<br />
proffering everything from 24-hour childcare institutions to custom child "half steps."<br />
We believe that parenting can be made effortless, or at least stylish and<br />
interesting. We also believe that the market is the most efficient way of<br />
disseminating solutions.<br />
We see Child Inc. as a company dedicated to developing and selling design solutions<br />
to prospective families. To enable everyone to benefit from the services we provide,<br />
we are calling on the Welfare Commission to increase the "Child Cheque" that all parents<br />
in Denmark currently receive to cover three products from Child Inc.<br />
We think it's worth the investment. Remember: no children, no future.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
Kontrapunkt<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
cc. Dr. Marie Bountrogianni, Ontario Minister of Children and Youth Services and the<br />
Ontario Minister of Citizenship and Immigration<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
What is the most<br />
pressing life style<br />
problem facing the<br />
Danish society?<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 1 7/30/04 2:59:46 PM
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 2 7/30/04 2:59:47 PM
: A childless future<br />
The birthrate is in rapid decline.<br />
Children are perceived as a burden instead<br />
of a blessing.<br />
More and more people complain that living<br />
a modern balanced life with children is<br />
difficult.<br />
The social, political and economic<br />
consequenses of the declining birthrate is<br />
severe.<br />
A childless future is an issue facing all<br />
developed countries.<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 3 7/30/04 2:59:49 PM
THE NUMBER OF ANNUAL<br />
BIRTHS ARE DECLINING<br />
70,000<br />
69,000<br />
68,000<br />
67,000<br />
66,000<br />
65,000<br />
64,000<br />
63,000<br />
62,000<br />
61,000<br />
60,000<br />
1960<br />
1963<br />
1966<br />
1969<br />
THE AVERAGE AGE OF<br />
FIRST TIME MOTHERS<br />
IS RISING<br />
30<br />
29<br />
28<br />
27<br />
26<br />
25<br />
24<br />
23<br />
22<br />
21<br />
20<br />
1960<br />
1963<br />
1966<br />
1969<br />
1972<br />
1972<br />
1975<br />
1975<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 4 7/30/04 2:59:49 PM<br />
1978<br />
1978<br />
1981<br />
1981<br />
1984<br />
1984<br />
1987<br />
1987<br />
1990<br />
1990<br />
1993<br />
1993<br />
1996<br />
1996<br />
1999<br />
1999
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
1840<br />
Men Women<br />
1890<br />
Men Women<br />
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES<br />
IN DENMARK 1840–1990<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
85<br />
80<br />
75<br />
70<br />
65<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
1922<br />
Men Women<br />
1990<br />
Men Women<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 5 7/30/04 2:59:50 PM
BY 2500 THERE WILL BE<br />
NO CHILDREN BORN IN DENMARK<br />
70,000<br />
65,000<br />
60,000<br />
55,000<br />
50,000<br />
45,000<br />
40,000<br />
35,000<br />
30,000<br />
25,000<br />
20,000<br />
15,000<br />
10,000<br />
5,000<br />
0<br />
1950<br />
1975<br />
2000<br />
2025<br />
2050<br />
2075<br />
2100<br />
2125<br />
2150<br />
2175<br />
BY 4050 WOMEN WILL DIE<br />
BEFORE THEY GIVE BIRTH<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
1950<br />
2050<br />
2150<br />
2250<br />
2350<br />
2450<br />
2550<br />
2650<br />
2750<br />
2200<br />
2225<br />
2850<br />
2950<br />
2250<br />
2275<br />
3050<br />
3150<br />
2300<br />
2325<br />
3250<br />
2350<br />
2375<br />
3350<br />
3450<br />
2400<br />
2425<br />
3550<br />
3560<br />
2450<br />
2475<br />
3750<br />
3850<br />
2500<br />
2525<br />
3950<br />
2550<br />
2575<br />
4050<br />
4150<br />
2600<br />
Average dying age<br />
Average age of first time mothers<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 6 7/30/04 2:59:50 PM<br />
4250
Why does this<br />
matter?<br />
Financially – How will society pay for the<br />
older generation in the long run? How will<br />
society generate growth, innovation and<br />
new ideas?<br />
Socially – Will society be worth living in<br />
with only an aged population?<br />
Politically – A higher average age correlates<br />
with increased resistance to change.<br />
The challenge is to design a society where<br />
children are valued, wanted and growing in<br />
numbers. If Denmark is able to do this it can<br />
set an example for all developed countries.<br />
CHILD_INC_Catalog.indd 7 7/30/04 2:59:50 PM
21528 child inc 8/5/04 1:15 PM Page 8<br />
Our mission:<br />
We are providers of a secure, safe and fun parental experience.<br />
At Child Inc. we care about parents. We take out the worrying part of<br />
having children and make sure that Child Inc. families can live the life<br />
they want. We want our parents to love, live, work and enjoy life.
21528 child inc 8/5/04 1:15 PM Page 9<br />
Our products:<br />
As a Child Inc. family you can be sure that your child is cared for. We make<br />
sure that your child learns and grows in just the direction you want. You<br />
don´t have to have a bad conscience about going to a late meeting, going to<br />
the cinema, having a nap on the sofa or working hard at night. We are there<br />
whenever and whereever you need us to be. As a Child Inc. mother we help<br />
you build the career you want and reach your professional goals. And as a<br />
Child Inc. parent we help you build a lasting and loving relationship. No more<br />
fights, no more stressed mornings. Just love, care and happiness. That is<br />
why we promise you a life we call: don´t worry. Welcome the Child Inc.
Child Inc. offers 5 x 3 package solutions for your child-related problems depending on its source<br />
and degree. If, for example, your reluctance to parenting can be traced back to concerns about your<br />
career you can choose the Working Package. Subsequently, you can choose from different types of<br />
Working Packages depending on the degree of your problem (minimum, medium or maximum)<br />
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CHILD_INC_Catalog_02.indd 10 8/3/04 9:51:20 PM
c<br />
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CHILD_INC_Catalog_02.indd 11 8/3/04 9:51:45 PM
9LifeWallpaper <br />
9 layers of wallpaper in one<br />
Tear off a layer whenever you want (e.g. when redecorating your home)<br />
Can also be used to fresh up the look of your home<br />
Use your children's artwork as a decorative element in your<br />
interior design solution<br />
ChildBox <br />
Noise-reducing materials<br />
Semi-transparent walls<br />
Choose between 10 sizes<br />
Free activity package (books, games, edutainment, movies)<br />
Subscribe to monthly Activity packages<br />
The ChildBox fits all kinds of indoor working environments<br />
and makes it easy for you to bring your child to work<br />
DriveInKindergarten <br />
Deliver and pick up in a moment<br />
No waste of time<br />
When you're on your way to kindergarten the staff gets<br />
ready for your driveby<br />
ChildResponse Playpen <br />
Entertainment center<br />
Pics, films,<br />
music & sounds<br />
Blanket with calming<br />
vibrator and alarm sensor<br />
Food Supply<br />
(Remote access)<br />
Online video/audio<br />
contact<br />
Let ChildResponse Playpen take care of your child or do it<br />
yourself with remote access<br />
ChildEquipWeekly <br />
Put together your own selection<br />
100% right of return<br />
Order online<br />
Special family collections<br />
All you need for your child delivered directly to your door<br />
ChildSafeZone <br />
Playgrounds<br />
ChildGuards<br />
Traffic Locks<br />
ChildSafeZone<br />
Green areas<br />
The freedom to let your children be on their own outside<br />
the home. ChildSafeZones is a part of all Child Quarters<br />
FamilyCare Companies'<br />
Network <br />
ParentsClub <br />
For<br />
productive<br />
people<br />
Be part of the network and find a job in a company where<br />
family and job are considered equally important<br />
OnlineOffspringTester <br />
Mother Father<br />
Offspring<br />
Get access to our OnlineOffspringTester and see what<br />
posibilities your partnership will bring. Shows your<br />
offspring at any age<br />
BoardRoomSet <br />
The total boardroom furniture solution. Designed to accommodate<br />
the needs of a family friendly company culture<br />
21528 child inc 14_15.indd 12 8/8/04 3:02:59 PM
ChildHalfsteps <br />
ChildSafe rubber structure<br />
Easy to clean<br />
Fits all standard stairways<br />
Customized length<br />
Add on ChildHalfsteps and make it easier for your child to<br />
go up and down the stairs<br />
24HourKindergarten <br />
cinema,<br />
entertainment<br />
gym/playfield<br />
cafe, livingroom<br />
park<br />
bedrooms<br />
school and library<br />
Give your child the most stimulating environment, the best<br />
social possibilities, professional individual coaching and<br />
high quality education. Let your child live at one of our<br />
24HourKindergartens<br />
Lovers'Holidays <br />
Horseback riding in Mongolia<br />
Visit hotsprings on volcano Rinjani<br />
Romantic dinner on top of the Eiffel Tower<br />
Sleeping under a thousand stars in the desert<br />
Child Inc. help you set up the perfect trip for you and<br />
your love<br />
LoveTreat <br />
Total makeover for you and your partner. Get advice from<br />
your personal stylist or get a membership to LoveStudio:<br />
Gym, Fitness, Yoga, Military Training etc.<br />
ChildVille <br />
Highway<br />
Park/<br />
playground<br />
Amusement<br />
park<br />
Parking<br />
School<br />
Parking<br />
ChildVille is a city primarily built for families. Children can<br />
travel by themselves everywhere and the infrastructure is<br />
optimized according to children's behavior. No cars are<br />
allowed in ChildVille<br />
GetaGrandma <br />
Parking<br />
Housing<br />
CityTrain<br />
Mall<br />
Find the Grandma or Grandpa that suits your family in our<br />
large database<br />
Examples of products offered by the Child Inc. Packages.<br />
FamilyCare Company<br />
Buildings <br />
Facilities in kids height<br />
Children friendly stairs, doors<br />
and escalators<br />
Outdoor playfield<br />
Choose from more than<br />
8 famous architects<br />
FamilyCare Company Buildings<br />
are 100% suitable for both working children and adults<br />
HelperClub <br />
A group for every need;<br />
also groups with single fathers,<br />
mothers or gay couples<br />
Find space to discuss the<br />
things that bother you<br />
Get rid of fears and anger<br />
In the HelperClub you will allways find the support you<br />
need - at the very time you need it!<br />
PenguinClub <br />
Join the national PenguinClub and share child<br />
responsibility with fellow members. Decide<br />
when you have time for children and when you<br />
need time for other things<br />
Share your morning delivery problem<br />
Help other penguins and gain PenguinService when you need it<br />
Enjoy dinner at Penguin Restaurants<br />
Get penguin service in holidays<br />
Get bonus invitations to PenguinEvents at cinemas, themeparks, etc.<br />
21528 child inc 14_15.indd 13 8/8/04 3:04:20 PM
21528 child inc 8/6/04 11:02 AM Page 16<br />
PH Artichoke, Poul Henningsen, 1957.
21528 housing 8/4/04 2:30 PM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
was the<br />
world’s<br />
housing<br />
factory?<br />
House Express<br />
Arkitema
21528 housing 8/5/04 4:57 PM Page 2<br />
Sir Richard Branson, Founder of Virgin<br />
Corporate Development Department<br />
Virgin Management Limited<br />
120 Campden Hill Road<br />
London, England W8 7AR<br />
Dear Sir Richard Branson,<br />
We need to change the way houses are built. Innovation in the construction industry<br />
has come to a grinding halt. Production is flagging. As the price of housing soars,<br />
a home is becoming an impossible investment for many people. Meanwhile, the world is<br />
rapidly becoming urbanized. For the next decade, cities in the developing countries<br />
will have to accommodate in excess of one million new inhabitants each week.<br />
Things must change. Other industries have transformed their production model from<br />
one based on craftsmanship to one based on design for mass production. The results<br />
have been astonishing – high productivity, high quality and low prices. So why has<br />
the construction sector not undergone the same transformation?<br />
Logistics are holding us back. Houses are built on site, rather than in factories,<br />
because it would be impossible to deliver full-sized housing by truck. The construction<br />
sector cannot be industrialized unless we transcend the physical limitations of land<br />
transportation.<br />
The solution is at hand. Airships with a cargo capacity of 1,000 tonnes – or 20<br />
medium-sized family houses – are in the final stages of development. These airships<br />
constitute the foundation of our House Express business scheme.<br />
House Express will establish housing factories in which the benefits of technology,<br />
industrialization, specialization and repetition can be fully harnessed. From these<br />
fixed and permanent sites, ready-made housing will be delivered by airship, more cheaply<br />
than by any existing mode of transportation, to any corner of the globe.<br />
Today's housing industry has many problems. It lacks productivity, innovation,<br />
development, and competition. It is too complex and organisationally overloaded.<br />
Craftmanship is its spine, it uses one-off production methods that produce too much<br />
waste, too many mistakes, and require too much transportation. It is unsafe,<br />
unhealthy, and unecological. A new production model plus a new distribution model<br />
equals the solution.<br />
You can make the difference. You have successfully reinvented existing industries,<br />
benefiting the world with quality products at low prices in the process. House Express<br />
is a reinvention of the construction sector, and we urge you to join us in realizing<br />
that reinvention. Together, we can be pioneers in the production of quality housing<br />
the global market can afford. If we are successful in capturing only 1% of the market<br />
we would be housing 10,000 people a week.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
Arkitema<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
cc. Ingvar Kamprad, Founder of IKEA<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 3 7/28/04 12:25:51 PM
The world population<br />
reached 6 billion in 1999.<br />
At the current rate, the<br />
world will have 7 billion<br />
people soon after the year<br />
2010.<br />
Source: www.unhabitat.org<br />
Over the next 10 years,<br />
21 million new housing<br />
units are required in developing<br />
countries each year.<br />
Source: Habitat for Humainty International.<br />
www.habitat.org<br />
For the next decade, cities in the developing countries<br />
will have to accomodate in excess of<br />
one million<br />
new inhabitants each week<br />
In 1985, there were 245<br />
1,000,000+ cities in the<br />
world.<br />
By 2015, that number will<br />
have grown to 527.<br />
Source: United Nations Human<br />
Settlement Programme.<br />
www.unhabitat.org<br />
World population<br />
(millions)<br />
5,000<br />
4,500<br />
4,000<br />
3,500<br />
3,000<br />
2,500<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
1950<br />
1955<br />
1960<br />
1965<br />
1970<br />
1975<br />
1980<br />
1985<br />
1990<br />
1995<br />
2000<br />
2004<br />
Urban population Rural population Source: United Nations<br />
www.un.org<br />
1.1 billion people are<br />
forced to endure inadequate<br />
housing conditions in<br />
urban areas.<br />
Source: Habitat for Humanity International.<br />
www.habitat.org<br />
2005<br />
2010<br />
During the last 25 years,<br />
the price of a one-family<br />
home has increased<br />
tenfold.<br />
Source: Swedish research<br />
2015<br />
2020<br />
€ € € € €<br />
€ € € € €<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 4 7/28/04 12:25:55 PM<br />
€€€€€<br />
€€€€€<br />
2025<br />
2030
1. Lack of productivity<br />
29% task<br />
The main problems of the<br />
housing industry today<br />
1. Lack of productivity<br />
2. Lack of innovation and development<br />
3. Too much waste<br />
4. Craftsmanship is the spine of the industry<br />
5. Complexity/organisationally overloaded<br />
6. Lack of competition<br />
7. One-off production<br />
8. Too many mistakes<br />
9. Health and safety issues<br />
10. Environmental issues<br />
Construction sector<br />
productivity is<br />
not increasing<br />
rapidly enough<br />
32% preparation<br />
39% waste<br />
Productivity scheme for a<br />
Danish building site.<br />
Source: Wall element assembly<br />
at Novi Park 6, time study<br />
conducted in collaboration with<br />
Skanska. Aalborg University.<br />
Waste is expensive.<br />
A 10% increase in construction<br />
sector productivity<br />
will cause the GNP of Denmark<br />
to increase by 3-4%.<br />
This would amount to dkr.<br />
30-40 billion per year in<br />
Denmark alone.<br />
Source: Australian research<br />
In the OECD countries,<br />
productivity in the construction<br />
sector increased by<br />
1.5% in the period 1966-<br />
2000.<br />
In comparison, industry<br />
productivity increased by<br />
3.6%.<br />
Source: Statistics Denmark and<br />
Economic Council of the Labour<br />
Movement.<br />
From 1990-2002, employment<br />
in the construction<br />
business increased faster<br />
than the value added. This<br />
means that in 2002 it took<br />
more workers to produce<br />
the same added value as<br />
in 1990.<br />
In the industry 10% fewer<br />
workers produced a 25%<br />
higher added value in<br />
2002, as compared to<br />
1990.<br />
Source: Ministry of Economics and<br />
Business Affairs,<br />
‘Vækstredegørelse 03.’<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 5 7/28/04 12:26:07 PM
2. Lack of innovation and development<br />
Innovation is the<br />
driving force<br />
of modern society<br />
Other industries innovate and change the world.<br />
Today’s adult generation has witnessed the evolution from typewriter<br />
to computer, but who can name any real groundbreaking<br />
innovations in the building industry over the last 50 years?<br />
The Danish building industry has<br />
the lowest investments<br />
in research and development<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
Investment in research and development for different industries (index 1989=100)<br />
Source: Research and development in the business community – research statistics 1998.<br />
The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy, October 2000.<br />
When the conveyor belt<br />
was introduced in the<br />
car industry, production<br />
changed from craftsmanship<br />
to mass production,<br />
and productivity consequently<br />
exploded.<br />
Engine assembly: 62%<br />
reduction in workingtime.<br />
Large-component assembly:<br />
88% reduction in<br />
workingtime.<br />
Source:<br />
Translated from ‘Princippet der ændrede<br />
verden’ by Pia Karlsbøl.<br />
€€€<br />
By craftsmanship<br />
€ € €<br />
By mass production<br />
Over a period of 10 years,<br />
Ford reduced the cost price<br />
for the consumer by two<br />
thirds.<br />
Source:<br />
Translated from ‘Princippet der ændrede<br />
verden’ by Pia Karlsbøl.<br />
Medical industry<br />
Manufacturing industry<br />
Food industry<br />
Building industry<br />
1900<br />
2000<br />
=<br />
=<br />
At the beginning of the 20th<br />
century, the price of a onefamily<br />
home was approximately<br />
the same as that of a<br />
family car.<br />
By the beginning of the<br />
21st century, the price ratio<br />
between the two had grown<br />
to approximately 10:1.<br />
Car production has quite<br />
obviously gone through<br />
stages of evolution, whereas<br />
the building industry remains<br />
in the primordial soup.<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 6 7/28/04 12:26:13 PM
3. Too much waste<br />
=<br />
=<br />
In 2002, 83% of all businesses<br />
in the construction sector had<br />
less than 10 employees.<br />
5. Complexity/organisational<br />
overload<br />
The building of a house<br />
management<br />
craftsman 1<br />
activity 1<br />
management management management management<br />
craftsman 2<br />
activity 2<br />
Mass production of a sofa<br />
management<br />
worker 1<br />
activity 1<br />
worker 2<br />
activity 2<br />
craftsman 3<br />
activity 3<br />
worker 3<br />
activity 3<br />
Specialized repetitive work means less coordination<br />
A Japanese car manufacturing company<br />
successfully reduced to zero<br />
the amount of in-plant waste requring land-fill disposal at its<br />
production plants in Japan by the end of fiscal year 2001.<br />
4. Craftsmanship is the spine of the industry<br />
80 kg<br />
of waste is produced for every m² of building built.<br />
The production of<br />
1 m² house requires<br />
about 9 hours of<br />
manpower.<br />
The production of<br />
1 m² car requires<br />
about 2.5 hours of<br />
manpower.<br />
Source: Danish Ministry of Economics and<br />
Business Affairs.<br />
‘Vækstredegørelse 03’.<br />
It is not easy to change existing<br />
traditions and structures,<br />
even if they are awkward. In<br />
other sectors, low efficiency<br />
and obsolete structures often<br />
act as an open invitation to<br />
foreign competitors to take<br />
over the market. Competition<br />
forces an industry to evolve<br />
and improve, but global<br />
competition will remain nonexistent<br />
while construction is<br />
based on craftsmanship.<br />
Flaws in logistics account<br />
for 10-15% of all building<br />
expenses.<br />
Source: National Agency for Enterprise<br />
and Housing, 2000. ‘The Danish construction<br />
sector in the future – From tradition<br />
to innovation’.<br />
craftsman 4<br />
activity 4<br />
worker 4<br />
activity 4<br />
craftsman 5<br />
activity 5<br />
management<br />
worker 5<br />
activity 5<br />
Source: Copenhagen Business<br />
School, MBA Byg, Mikkel Thomassen<br />
bricklayer<br />
kitchen supply<br />
carpenter<br />
painter<br />
blacksmith<br />
sanitation<br />
6. Lack of<br />
competition<br />
Competition focuses<br />
mainly on craftsmanship,<br />
not products. For that<br />
reason, competition exists<br />
only locally, not globally,<br />
and refers only to prices.<br />
The construction industry<br />
is based on national<br />
traditions, standards and<br />
practices, and is configured<br />
almost exclusively for the<br />
home market.<br />
So far, the sheer physical<br />
size of building components<br />
has prevented<br />
international trade on a<br />
significant scale.<br />
Source: National Agency for Enterprise<br />
and Housing, 2000. ‘The Danish construction<br />
sector in the future – From<br />
tradition to innovation’.<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 7 7/28/04 12:26:17 PM
7. One-off production<br />
Building a house is a one-off production.<br />
Design, partnerships, planning, and production site<br />
are unique to each and every product.<br />
The involvement of different sets of companies on different projects<br />
entails little or no repitition and thus a<br />
lack of motivation for companies to cooperate on new product<br />
and process investment.<br />
8. Too many<br />
mistakes<br />
15-20% of new housing<br />
units in the non-profit<br />
sector show severe defects<br />
within 5 years. There<br />
are plenty of reasons for<br />
these defects: inferior<br />
materials, poor workmanship,<br />
obscure drawings or<br />
failures of coordination.<br />
9. Health and<br />
safety issues<br />
The building site is the<br />
second most dangerous<br />
working place of all<br />
The probability<br />
of falling victim<br />
to a work-related<br />
accident is twice<br />
as high in the<br />
construction business<br />
as it is in the<br />
industry<br />
The probability of<br />
falling victim to a<br />
fatal work-related<br />
accident is three<br />
times as high in<br />
the construction<br />
business as it is in<br />
the industry.<br />
10. Environmental<br />
issues<br />
25% of all cargo transportation<br />
on roads is construction<br />
business related.<br />
Only 49% of the cargo payload<br />
is utilized in Danish<br />
road freighting.<br />
The Task<br />
10 issues:<br />
From low productivity<br />
to high productivity<br />
From high complexity<br />
to low complexity<br />
From tradition<br />
to innovation and<br />
development<br />
From routines<br />
to specialisation<br />
From waste/refuse<br />
to efficiency<br />
From consumption of<br />
resources<br />
to limitation of<br />
resources<br />
From many involved<br />
partners<br />
to few involved<br />
partners<br />
From general<br />
working method<br />
to specialized<br />
working methods<br />
From building site<br />
to factory<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 8 7/28/04 12:26:29 PM
Attempts have been made in the construction business<br />
to overcome several of the problems of the industry<br />
Prefab construction systems<br />
– Steel framed structures<br />
– Concrete box structures<br />
– Concrete panelled structures<br />
– Aluminium structures<br />
– Timber framed structures<br />
– Massive timber structures<br />
The limitation<br />
Width: 2.55 m Height: 4.00 m Weight: 3,200 kg<br />
If a load exceeds these limitations, special permission is needed.<br />
! ! ! !<br />
Most problems in the<br />
construction industry,<br />
are related to the fact<br />
that building houses is<br />
one-off production – that<br />
separate production sites<br />
must be established for<br />
each and every product.<br />
‘Eradicate from your mind any hard and fast<br />
conceptions in regard to the dwelling-house<br />
and look at the question from an objective<br />
and critical angle, and you will inevitably<br />
arrive at the ‘House-Machine’, the massproduction<br />
house, available for everyone,<br />
incomparably healthier than the old kind (and<br />
morally so, too) and beautiful…’<br />
Le Corbusier, 1931<br />
The elimination of land<br />
transportation will make<br />
possible the elimination<br />
of the traditional building<br />
site.<br />
‘We must create the mass-production spirit.<br />
The spirit of constructing mass-production<br />
houses. The spirit of living in mass-production<br />
houses…’<br />
Le Corbusier<br />
Land transportation regulations and the headrooms of<br />
bridges and power lines limit the dimensions and<br />
thus the possible designs of manufactured homes.<br />
Other industries have<br />
benefitted immensely<br />
from the change from<br />
craftsmanship to factory<br />
production. The<br />
construction business<br />
should learn from their<br />
experience.<br />
Changing the mode of<br />
production and distribution<br />
will benefit the world<br />
economically, socially,<br />
architecurally and envi-<br />
ronmentally.<br />
new production methods will lead to<br />
new possibilities<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 9 7/28/04 12:26:38 PM
Load capacity today:<br />
Weight: 3.2 tonnes<br />
Width: 2.55 m<br />
Height: 4.00 m<br />
Load capacity tomorrow (SkyCat):<br />
Weight: 1,000 tonnes<br />
Width: 12.2 m<br />
Height: 8 m<br />
Length: 80.8 m<br />
Cruising speed: appr. 180 km/h<br />
The SkyCat 1000 storage<br />
room holds 800 mediumsized<br />
cars or 20 mediumsized<br />
one-family homes<br />
The SkyCat<br />
With hovercraft landing gear, lighter-than-air<br />
technology and added lift due to its fl ying<br />
wing shape, the SkyCat transcends the<br />
traditional airship/airplane distinction. It is, in<br />
short, the future of air transportation.<br />
Housing will be<br />
produced in<br />
factories<br />
new production methods will lead to<br />
new possibilities<br />
Denmark establishes a factory that produces<br />
and distributes housing for the global market.<br />
Where other attempts to do this have failed,<br />
we succeed thanks to our solution to the problem of<br />
transportation. We distribute our houses by airship.<br />
Eliminating<br />
the limitations<br />
of transportation on land, will bring about<br />
The SkyCat has a very large working radius,<br />
is able to land on virtually any reasonably fl at<br />
surface, and requires neither landing strip<br />
nor ground crew.<br />
In other words, it would be able to carry<br />
houses directly from the factory to their<br />
delivery sites. Delivery by SkyCat would be<br />
faster than sea freight and cheaper than any<br />
existing mode of transportation.<br />
The SkyCat would be able to deliver houses<br />
within a radius of 1,500 km and return in less<br />
than 24 hours.<br />
The energy consumption of the SkyCat<br />
is less than the energy consumption of a<br />
superfreighter.<br />
Compared to land transportation, airship<br />
transportation reduces energy consumption<br />
by at least 70% and CO2 emission by at<br />
least 66%.<br />
a new way of building houses.<br />
The airship hovers in mid-air.<br />
While loading and unloading,<br />
it can deliver cargo at any<br />
destination.<br />
Cargolifter<br />
Load capacity:<br />
Weight: 160 tonnes<br />
Width: 8 m<br />
Height: 8 m<br />
Length: 50 m<br />
Cruising speed: appr. 90 km/h<br />
The airship carries payloads to a range of up<br />
to 10,000 km.<br />
The airship gains lift solely through the use<br />
of helium, a non-fl ammable lifting gas, and<br />
therefore only requires energy for forward<br />
propulsion.<br />
The airship loads and unloads without landing.<br />
It hovers 100 m above ground, while the<br />
load is lifted or lowered via anchor winches<br />
and four anchoring points. In order for the<br />
total weight and fl ight characteristics of the<br />
airship to remain constant, the freight will be<br />
replaced with ballast water.<br />
Hovering while unloading, permits the airship<br />
to reach and deliver very large cargo in hard<br />
to reach destinations.<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 10 7/28/04 12:27:17 PM
On-site production<br />
Building houses is traditionally<br />
a one-off production. A new<br />
production site and organisa-<br />
Factory production<br />
By shifting the mode of production<br />
towards factory production,<br />
organisation will become less<br />
complex.<br />
Partners will cooperate continuosly,<br />
and this will encourage<br />
development and innovation of<br />
Housing will be<br />
distributed<br />
to the whole world<br />
by airship<br />
tion is established for every<br />
house. The everchanging<br />
relations between partners do<br />
production and products alike.<br />
New methods of production,<br />
replacing craftsmanship and<br />
small enterprises by specialized,<br />
industrialized labour<br />
implementing new technology,<br />
will lead to new possibilities<br />
not encourage innovation or<br />
development. The building site<br />
is logistically ineffective, is dan-<br />
regarding materials, construction<br />
and architecture.<br />
In the controlled environment<br />
of a factory, logistics will be<br />
optimized, safety will be high,<br />
and the amount of waste and<br />
mistakes will be reduced.<br />
Homes will be delivered on site<br />
ready-made from factory<br />
gerous, creates too much waste<br />
and unsustainable transportation,<br />
and too many mistakes.<br />
Transportation will be more<br />
sustainable. Materials will be<br />
delivered to the house factory<br />
mainly by ship, and the houses<br />
will be distributed by airship.<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 11 7/28/04 12:27:36 PM
Building components are<br />
shipped from different parts<br />
of the world to assembling<br />
factories, where houses are<br />
produced and distributed to the<br />
world by airship…<br />
Purchasing<br />
a house<br />
traditionaly<br />
Purchasing<br />
a house<br />
through<br />
House<br />
Express<br />
building components<br />
future<br />
house owner<br />
future<br />
house owner<br />
designer sketches<br />
engineer<br />
– The global network<br />
Housing factory<br />
designer<br />
producer of building components<br />
producer of building components<br />
producer of building components<br />
contractor<br />
contractor<br />
contractor<br />
contractor<br />
contractor<br />
craftsman<br />
craftsman<br />
craftsman<br />
craftsman<br />
craftsman<br />
<strong>catalogue</strong> production distribution<br />
designer<br />
Housing factory<br />
Housing factory<br />
Housing factory<br />
building components<br />
Housing factory<br />
Housing factory<br />
building the house on site<br />
fi nished house on site<br />
Housing factory<br />
Housing factory<br />
building components<br />
building components<br />
Housing factory<br />
engineering<br />
design<br />
contracting<br />
component supply<br />
The structure of the<br />
traditional building proces,<br />
from idea and design to<br />
construction, is marked by<br />
the seperation of proffessions<br />
and competences.<br />
The architectural product<br />
is often a result of compromises<br />
and solutions that<br />
are chosen to meet the<br />
very different succes criteria<br />
of the different actors.<br />
Architecture is<br />
suffering under these<br />
conditions.<br />
To rescue architecture from<br />
this fatal situation, and<br />
create new<br />
possibilities and<br />
new ways to let architecture<br />
evolve, the proces<br />
needs to change.<br />
Architecture can only<br />
evolve through the<br />
integration of diciplines.<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 12 7/28/04 12:27:55 PM
– New technology<br />
– Specialized labour<br />
– Centralized planning<br />
– Standardization of<br />
skills and procedures<br />
Contracting<br />
+<br />
Manufacturer<br />
of building<br />
components<br />
Engineering Design<br />
Interaction between the different actors in the construction business<br />
is limited. They view their input as an isolated part of the process,<br />
and they may all have different success criteria.<br />
Changing the mode of production<br />
will fundamentally<br />
change architecture<br />
as we know it.<br />
Today, programming, design,<br />
engineering and construction<br />
are isolated processes with<br />
limited interaction.<br />
This is not benefi cial, either<br />
for architecture as such or for<br />
users.<br />
New mode<br />
of transportation<br />
In House Express,<br />
the various specialists will<br />
cooperate closely<br />
throughout the process, from<br />
programming and design all the<br />
way through to production.<br />
Production specialists will be<br />
involved in the preliminary<br />
design stages, and designers<br />
will continue their involvement<br />
even into the most detailed<br />
stages of production. This integration<br />
of design and technology<br />
will entail signifi cant mutual<br />
insights into various skills and<br />
potentials.<br />
Engineering<br />
=<br />
Production<br />
Design<br />
Specialists work together in an integrated organisation, with shared<br />
success criteria. Knowledge is shared and decisions are made in<br />
unison.<br />
– Affordable housing<br />
– Global market advantages<br />
– Match global housing demand<br />
– Improved housing conditions for more people<br />
– Sustainable production<br />
– Improved environment<br />
– Higher productivity<br />
– Improved housing quality<br />
– Improved safety for workers<br />
– Improved national economies<br />
– Improved cities<br />
– Fewer mistakes<br />
– Less waste<br />
The different areas of expertise<br />
will be developed through<br />
dynamic interaction,<br />
and the end result will be<br />
continuous improvement.<br />
High quality, innovative<br />
technical solutions, new architectural<br />
possibilities, improved<br />
functionality and greater variation.<br />
– Providing solutions<br />
It is possible to<br />
standardize production<br />
without<br />
standardizing the<br />
product.<br />
New industrial production<br />
systems make possible<br />
factory production of<br />
individual quality housing.<br />
By using a combination of<br />
standardized processes<br />
and standardized components,<br />
variation and high<br />
architectural quality will be<br />
not only maintained, but<br />
improved.<br />
The key is improved learning<br />
and effi ciency through<br />
standardization of processes,<br />
not standardization<br />
of products.<br />
Experience from shipbuilding<br />
shows that industrial<br />
production of unique and<br />
complex products is possible.<br />
The production of ships<br />
is even more complex<br />
than that of housing.<br />
Even so, the change from<br />
craftsmanship to factory<br />
production has been made.<br />
Disciplinary boundaries<br />
have been eliminated,<br />
production planning has<br />
become centralized and<br />
logistics are thoroughly<br />
controlled, internally as<br />
well as externally.<br />
Over the last 20 years,<br />
the shipbuilding industry<br />
has doubled its productivity.<br />
Source: Danish Maritime<br />
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 13 7/28/04 12:28:08 PM
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 14 7/28/04 12:28:29 PM
Housing Factory pg3-15_CS.indd 15 7/28/04 12:28:48 PM
21528 housing 8/4/04 2:30 PM Page 16<br />
The Safari Chair, Kaare Klint, 1933.
21528 endless coastline 8/4/04 6:44 PM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
doubled<br />
its<br />
coastline?<br />
Endless Coastline<br />
SRL Arkitekter
21528 endless coastline 8/6/04 1:39 PM Page 2<br />
Bendt Bendtsen, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Economic and Business Affairs<br />
The Danish Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs<br />
Slotsholmsgade 10-12<br />
1216 Copenhagen, Denmark<br />
Dear Minister Bendt Bendtsen,<br />
How do we increase the revenues of tourism while keeping our authenticity intact?<br />
Denmark's coastline is its most sought-after natural feature. A seascape of sand<br />
dunes, heath, and rustic villages, it is both beautiful - and fragile. Tourists<br />
attracted by an untouched and tranquil environment are flocking to summerhouses<br />
on this coastline. But the irony of mass tourism is that once it touches an area<br />
of unspoiled beauty, the beauty evaporates. That danger threatens Denmark's<br />
coastline now.<br />
Twelve per percent of the Danish coast is already developed with summerhouses -<br />
not a large number in itself, but 93 percent of these houses are within the<br />
three-kilometre-wide coastal zone. When our government recently revised the zoning<br />
law that prevented any more coastal development it initiated a construction boom. By<br />
2010 there won't be room for any more houses on the coast. The coastal ecosystem will<br />
be ruined and the authenticity of the seaside towns will be destroyed - all without<br />
satisfying the increasing tourist demand.<br />
Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world, accounting for eleven<br />
percent of the world's exports and seven percent of all employment. Tourism is an easy<br />
way to strengthen economic growth; there are regions in Denmark that rely on tourists<br />
for their economic survival. We recognize all that. The challenge, as we see it, is to<br />
promote tourism while protecting our most precious and coveted natural and cultural<br />
resources. This is a global challenge; a globally adaptable strategy to meet it would<br />
benefit the world.<br />
Our proposition has a local application but global potential. To prevent tourists<br />
from taking over the Danish coast, we propose doubling the coastline by making two<br />
artificial islands. The islands are designed by using fractal geometry to model and<br />
extrapolate the natural coastline's unique contours. The efficiency of fractals allows<br />
400 km of coastline to be created within an area of 100 km2 - that’s 10 times the<br />
capacity of the existing coastline. The new coastline - Beach Island and Lagoon Island -<br />
will have space for 100,000 new summerhouses, all with direct sea access. That's<br />
50 percent more than the current capacity.<br />
The Endless Coastline proposition does more than create new islands. It designs a<br />
tool kit that structures tourism to be sustainable. With your support, we can achieve<br />
three enviable goals: shelter the existing coastline from expanding tourism, increase<br />
waterfront access, and stimulate regional economical growth.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
SRL Architects<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
cc. Mr. James Scott Peterson, Minister of International Trade House of Commons<br />
cc. Mr. Antonio Marzano, Italian Minister for Productive Activities<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 endless coastline 8/6/04 1:10 PM Page 3
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21528 endless coastline 8/6/04 10:34 AM Page 16<br />
Superellipse table, Piet Hein and<br />
Bruno Mathsson, 1964.
21528 energy 8/5/04 11:41 AM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Denmark<br />
had an<br />
energy bill<br />
of zero?<br />
HySociety<br />
PLOT
21528 energy 8/9/04 7:58 AM Page 2<br />
Bjørn Lomborg, Director<br />
Institute for Environmental Assessment<br />
Linnesgade 18, 1st Floor<br />
1361 Copenhagen, Denmark<br />
Dear Bjørn Lomborg,<br />
The heated debate triggered by "Copenhagen Consensus" – the initiative to put a price<br />
tag and a priority on Earth's greatest social and environmental challenges – uncovers<br />
a fundamental misunderstanding that pits ecology against economy as good vs. evil. In<br />
fact, they are not diametric opposites but rather two sides of the same coin.<br />
Ecological initiatives will only prosper in the real world if they work as viable<br />
economic models.<br />
Economy and ecology need to merge into ecolomy.<br />
We believe that today's environmental problems are not political, economic or<br />
even ecological – they are simply a design challenge!<br />
We have designed HySociety, an urban super block that contains a cross section of<br />
Denmark boiled down to a living and work setting for 1,500 people in which all<br />
currently available environmental technologies are being deployed in the most<br />
ecolomically profitable way. HySociety is a test tube in which to demonstrate that<br />
sustainability is not a question of science fiction but rather applied science.<br />
In economy, waste is worthless. In ecology, there is no waste. The waste of one<br />
is the food of another. By designing a series of interconnected loops that feed output<br />
back into the consumption loop as input, we have created a model Denmark with an<br />
energy bill of zero – a society where the more energy you spend, the more energy you<br />
make! Rather than getting more sustainability for our money, we want to get more money<br />
from our sustainability.<br />
The western world's oil addiction is one of the main reasons for global conflict<br />
today. The explosive growth in Asia – that will soon have an immense impact on the<br />
global environment – could be based on the ecolomical designs of today, rather than<br />
the outdated economic models of the past.<br />
Our public investment in windmills in recent decades has made Denmark a world<br />
leader in sustainable energy. However, the problem of natural energy sources such as<br />
wind and solar power is that you can't rely on them – they only work when the wind<br />
blows or the sun shines. What we need is an energy currency into which all energy can<br />
be invested. That currency is hydrogen. We are now at a crucial juncture where only a<br />
coordinated, collective effort can transform Denmark into a model hydrogen society.<br />
The HySociety project has the critical mass to trigger this energy revolution, and<br />
make Denmark a world leader in ecolomical living.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
PLOT<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
cc. Thor Pedersen, Danish Minister of Finance<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 energy 8/9/04 8:50 AM Page 3
Energy ENERGY consumption CONSUMPTION<br />
world dk<br />
1980<br />
1623 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
2000<br />
1.694 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
1980 - 2000<br />
+4,4%<br />
1980<br />
3862 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
2000<br />
3643 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
1980 - 2000<br />
-5,7%<br />
While the world has spent more and more<br />
oil the last 20 years, DK has spent less. Is<br />
DK slowly on the way to an energy equilibrium?<br />
SUN CELLS<br />
1747 KM2, or the size of Lolland - Falster<br />
Price:1.000.000.000.000€<br />
What would it take to supply all of DK with<br />
sustainable energy?<br />
If we rely on the sun we would have to<br />
cover all of the Storstrøms islands with<br />
solar cells.<br />
NUCLEAR 0,0012 €/kWh<br />
COAL 0,016 €/kWh<br />
GAS 0,031 €/kWh<br />
OIL 0,037 €/kWh<br />
WIND 0,040 €/kWh<br />
WAVE 0,048 €/kWh<br />
SOLAR 0,068 €/kWh<br />
The problem of renewable energy so far, is<br />
that it simply doesn’t pay.<br />
The problem of renewable sources is that<br />
they only work when the wind blows or the<br />
sun shines. We need a currency into which<br />
all energy can be invested, allowing free exchange<br />
between users and producers.<br />
ENERGY BILL DK=<br />
174.771.372 mWh<br />
The annual Danish energy bill is still enormous.<br />
With the fuel we burn for our daily<br />
lives we could send a rocket to Mars and<br />
back again 50 times pr year!<br />
BIOGAS<br />
One big pig farm covering the size of the greater Copenhagen<br />
metropolitan area<br />
If we rely on biogas we would need the manure<br />
from a pig farm the size of the greater<br />
metropolitan area of Copenhagen.<br />
But with the exponential increase in efficiency<br />
and the gradual decline in cost<br />
what used to be science fiction has turned<br />
in to applied science.<br />
FAMILY HOUSING<br />
+<br />
-<br />
37.500 m2 - 100 a1, 100 a2, 100 a3<br />
Size per household: a1=100 m2, a2=125 m2, a3 150 m2<br />
Lokated towards south.<br />
Maximun depth of single orientated houses 7 m - two sided orientation 14 m<br />
DRINKING WATER<br />
RAIN WATER<br />
GREY WATER<br />
BLACK WATER<br />
BURNABLE WASTE<br />
RE-CYCLABLE WASTE<br />
FITS WELL WITH<br />
parking - playground - supermarket - kindergarden -<br />
PROGRAM<br />
ENERGY INPUT<br />
ENERGY OUTPUT<br />
If we could analyze the consumption pattern<br />
of each program in our society and<br />
get an overview of the particular needs<br />
and excesses of energy, heat and water...<br />
75 C WATER<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
DRINKING WATER<br />
RAIN WATER<br />
GREY WATER<br />
BLACK WATER<br />
MULTISTORY HOUSING M2<br />
RE-CYCLABLE WASTE<br />
BURNABLE WASTE<br />
HEAT<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
WATER<br />
GARBAGE<br />
WASTE WATER<br />
ORGANIC WASTE<br />
75 C WATER<br />
30 C WATER<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
HYDROGEN<br />
ENERGY CONSUMPTION DK IN SECTORS<br />
PJ/year<br />
250<br />
OXYGEN<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002<br />
CHARLES F. BRUSH<br />
CREATES FIRST FULLY<br />
AUTOMATIC 12,5 KW<br />
WINDPOWERED GEN-<br />
POUL LA COUR IN-<br />
VENTS<br />
THE MORE EFFICIENT<br />
FAST RUNNING TYPE<br />
WITH FEWER BLADES.<br />
WINDENERGY<br />
75X75 KM2 matrix of windmills<br />
WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT<br />
SEAS BUILDS THE<br />
INOVATIVE GEDSER<br />
200 KW MILL. THE<br />
WORLDS LARGEST<br />
IN 20 YEARS.<br />
TVIND ORGANISA-<br />
TIONS 2 MW WIND<br />
POWER GENERA-<br />
TOR.<br />
VESTAS V90<br />
3 MW WIND POWER<br />
GENERATOR<br />
VESTA´S PRE-<br />
DICTED<br />
10 MW POWER<br />
GENERATOR 20015<br />
100M 10MW<br />
1887 1897 1956 1979 2000 2015<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
TRANSPORT<br />
INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES<br />
HOUSING<br />
SERVICE<br />
If we look at where the energy goes we see<br />
that architecture has become more and<br />
more efficient, whereas movement uses<br />
more and more and more...<br />
A wind farm of 75 x 75 km of windmills<br />
could keep us covered. However all systems<br />
rely heavily on one massive centralised<br />
enterprise. Could we solve this issue<br />
at a lower level?<br />
The latest generation of Danish windmills<br />
have a wingspan of 130m! Enough to power<br />
2000 families. 22% of all Danish energy<br />
is provided by windmills.<br />
...We could knit together a network of different<br />
programs that would reach an equilibrium<br />
of complementing energy supplies<br />
and demands.<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 4 8/8/2004 9:20:28 AM<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS
Energy ENERGY consumption CONSUMPTION<br />
world dk<br />
1980<br />
1623 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
2000<br />
1.694 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
1980 - 2000<br />
+4,4%<br />
1980<br />
3862 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
2000<br />
3643 kg/oil per inhabitant<br />
1980 - 2000<br />
-5,7%<br />
While the world has spent more and more<br />
oil the last 20 years, DK has spent less. Is<br />
DK slowly on the way to an energy equilibrium?<br />
SUN CELLS<br />
1747 KM2, or the size of Lolland - Falster<br />
Price:1.000.000.000.000€<br />
What would it take to supply all of DK with<br />
sustainable energy?<br />
If we rely on the sun we would have to<br />
cover all of the Storstrøms islands with<br />
solar cells.<br />
NUCLEAR 0,0012 €/kWh<br />
COAL 0,016 €/kWh<br />
GAS 0,031 €/kWh<br />
OIL 0,037 €/kWh<br />
WIND 0,040 €/kWh<br />
WAVE 0,048 €/kWh<br />
SOLAR 0,068 €/kWh<br />
The problem of renewable energy so far, is<br />
that it simply doesn’t pay.<br />
The problem of renewable sources is that<br />
they only work when the wind blows or the<br />
sun shines. We need a currency into which<br />
all energy can be invested, allowing free exchange<br />
between users and producers.<br />
ENERGY BILL DK=<br />
174.771.372 mWh<br />
The annual Danish energy bill is still enormous.<br />
With the fuel we burn for our daily<br />
lives we could send a rocket to Mars and<br />
back again 50 times pr year!<br />
BIOGAS<br />
One big pig farm covering the size of the greater Copenhagen<br />
metropolitan area<br />
If we rely on biogas we would need the manure<br />
from a pig farm the size of the greater<br />
metropolitan area of Copenhagen.<br />
But with the exponential increase in efficiency<br />
and the gradual decline in cost<br />
what used to be science fiction has turned<br />
in to applied science.<br />
FAMILY HOUSING<br />
+<br />
-<br />
37.500 m2 - 100 a1, 100 a2, 100 a3<br />
Size per household: a1=100 m2, a2=125 m2, a3 150 m2<br />
Lokated towards south.<br />
Maximun depth of single orientated houses 7 m - two sided orientation 14 m<br />
DRINKING WATER<br />
RAIN WATER<br />
GREY WATER<br />
BLACK WATER<br />
BURNABLE WASTE<br />
RE-CYCLABLE WASTE<br />
FITS WELL WITH<br />
parking - playground - supermarket - kindergarden -<br />
PROGRAM<br />
ENERGY INPUT<br />
ENERGY OUTPUT<br />
If we could analyze the consumption pattern<br />
of each program in our society and<br />
get an overview of the particular needs<br />
and excesses of energy, heat and water...<br />
75 C WATER<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
DRINKING WATER<br />
RAIN WATER<br />
GREY WATER<br />
BLACK WATER<br />
MULTISTORY HOUSING M2<br />
RE-CYCLABLE WASTE<br />
BURNABLE WASTE<br />
HEAT<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
WATER<br />
GARBAGE<br />
WASTE WATER<br />
ORGANIC WASTE<br />
75 C WATER<br />
30 C WATER<br />
ELECTRICITY<br />
HYDROGEN<br />
ENERGY CONSUMPTION DK IN SECTORS<br />
PJ/year<br />
250<br />
OXYGEN<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002<br />
CHARLES F. BRUSH<br />
CREATES FIRST FULLY<br />
AUTOMATIC 12,5 KW<br />
WINDPOWERED GEN-<br />
POUL LA COUR IN-<br />
VENTS<br />
THE MORE EFFICIENT<br />
FAST RUNNING TYPE<br />
WITH FEWER BLADES.<br />
WINDENERGY<br />
75X75 KM2 matrix of windmills<br />
WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT<br />
SEAS BUILDS THE<br />
INOVATIVE GEDSER<br />
200 KW MILL. THE<br />
WORLDS LARGEST<br />
IN 20 YEARS.<br />
TVIND ORGANISA-<br />
TIONS 2 MW WIND<br />
POWER GENERA-<br />
TOR.<br />
VESTAS V90<br />
3 MW WIND POWER<br />
GENERATOR<br />
VESTA´S PRE-<br />
DICTED<br />
10 MW POWER<br />
GENERATOR 20015<br />
100M 10MW<br />
1887 1897 1956 1979 2000 2015<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS<br />
TRANSPORT<br />
INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES<br />
HOUSING<br />
SERVICE<br />
If we look at where the energy goes we see<br />
that architecture has become more and<br />
more efficient, whereas movement uses<br />
more and more and more...<br />
A wind farm of 75 x 75 km of windmills<br />
could keep us covered. However all systems<br />
rely heavily on one massive centralised<br />
enterprise. Could we solve this issue<br />
at a lower level?<br />
The latest generation of Danish windmills<br />
have a wingspan of 130m! Enough to power<br />
2000 families. 22% of all Danish energy<br />
is provided by windmills.<br />
...We could knit together a network of different<br />
programs that would reach an equilibrium<br />
of complementing energy supplies<br />
and demands.<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 4 8/8/2004 9:20:28 AM<br />
HEAT mWh<br />
FRESHWATER L<br />
ELECTRICITY mWh<br />
GARBAGE T<br />
WASTEWATER L<br />
WATEHEAT mWh<br />
BYPRODUCTS
10 COMMANDMENTS OF GOOD CONSUMPTION<br />
What if ecology wasn’t about regression - but about progress. What if sustainable living wasn’t about changing<br />
your lifestyle and turning of the lights, turning down the heat and slowing down. What if we didn’t have to adapt<br />
our lifestyle to sustainability, but adjusted our sustainable designs to the way we want to live. Instead of trying to<br />
change people, we could change the world. What if we could design a society where the more energy you spend,<br />
the more energy you get? A new manifesto for hedonistic sustainability.<br />
640.2 640.2 MIO M2 MIO DKM2<br />
DK<br />
334.3 334.3 640.2 MIO M2 MIO HOUSING M2 DK HOUSING<br />
131.5 131.5 MIO 334.3 M2 MIO MIO AGRICULTURE<br />
M2 M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
HOUSING<br />
61.1 131.5 MIO 61.1 M2 MIO SERVICE M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
SERVICE<br />
58.8 MIO 58.8 61.1 M2 MIO INDUSTRY M2 SERVICE INDUSTRY<br />
40.2 MIO 40.2 M2 MIO INSTITUTIONS 58.8 M2 INSTITUTIONS MIO M2 INDUSTRY & CULTURE & CULTURE<br />
13.9 MIO 13.9 40.2 M2 MIO SUMMERHOUSES<br />
MIO M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
M2 INSTITUTIONS & CULTURE<br />
2.292.268<br />
13.9<br />
2.292.268<br />
MIO<br />
CARS<br />
M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
CARS<br />
2.292.268 CARS<br />
100.000 100.000 M2 DKM2<br />
DK<br />
100.000 51.000 51.000 M2 M2 DKHOUSING<br />
M2 HOUSING<br />
51.000 20.000 20.000 M2 HOUSING AGRICULTURE<br />
M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
20.000 10.000 M2 10.000 M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
SERVICE M2 SERVICE<br />
10.000 9.000 M2 9.000 M2 SERVICE INDUSTRY M2 INDUSTRY<br />
7.000 7.000 9.000 M2 INSTITUTIONS M2 INDUSTRY INSTITUTIONS & CULTURE & CULTURE<br />
3.000 7.000 3.000 M2 M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
INSTITUTIONS M2 SUMMERHOUSES & CULTURE<br />
3.000 M2 348 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
CARS 348 CARS<br />
348 CARS<br />
MINI DK<br />
The idea of turning all of DK into an economical and ecological €cosystem seems utopian because of its magnitude.<br />
All concrete proposals will appear like abstract principles because we can’t grasp them. Therefore we have boiled<br />
the components of DK down to the size of an architectural project: all of Denmark’s different programs compressed<br />
proportionally into a 100.000m2 urban block - like a biopsy of the Danish urban tissue.<br />
At this scale the challenge becomes as tangible as any other commision - solve the program and keep count of the flow of resources<br />
and energy like we do with the square meters and the construction costs.<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 6 8/9/2004 9:22:21 AM
10 COMMANDMENTS OF GOOD CONSUMPTION<br />
What if ecology wasn’t about regression - but about progress. What if sustainable living wasn’t about changing<br />
your lifestyle and turning of the lights, turning down the heat and slowing down. What if we didn’t have to adapt<br />
our lifestyle to sustainability, but adjusted our sustainable designs to the way we want to live. Instead of trying to<br />
change people, we could change the world. What if we could design a society where the more energy you spend,<br />
the more energy you get? A new manifesto for hedonistic sustainability.<br />
640.2 640.2 MIO M2 MIO DKM2<br />
DK<br />
334.3 334.3 640.2 MIO M2 MIO HOUSING M2 DK HOUSING<br />
131.5 131.5 MIO 334.3 M2 MIO MIO AGRICULTURE<br />
M2 M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
HOUSING<br />
61.1 131.5 MIO 61.1 M2 MIO SERVICE M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
SERVICE<br />
58.8 MIO 58.8 61.1 M2 MIO INDUSTRY M2 SERVICE INDUSTRY<br />
40.2 MIO 40.2 M2 MIO INSTITUTIONS 58.8 M2 INSTITUTIONS MIO M2 INDUSTRY & CULTURE & CULTURE<br />
13.9 MIO 13.9 40.2 M2 MIO SUMMERHOUSES<br />
MIO M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
M2 INSTITUTIONS & CULTURE<br />
2.292.268<br />
13.9<br />
2.292.268<br />
MIO<br />
CARS<br />
M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
CARS<br />
2.292.268 CARS<br />
100.000 100.000 M2 DKM2<br />
DK<br />
100.000 51.000 51.000 M2 M2 DKHOUSING<br />
M2 HOUSING<br />
51.000 20.000 20.000 M2 HOUSING AGRICULTURE<br />
M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
20.000 10.000 M2 10.000 M2 AGRICULTURE<br />
SERVICE M2 SERVICE<br />
10.000 9.000 M2 9.000 M2 SERVICE INDUSTRY M2 INDUSTRY<br />
7.000 7.000 9.000 M2 INSTITUTIONS M2 INDUSTRY INSTITUTIONS & CULTURE & CULTURE<br />
3.000 7.000 3.000 M2 M2 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
INSTITUTIONS M2 SUMMERHOUSES & CULTURE<br />
3.000 M2 348 SUMMERHOUSES<br />
CARS 348 CARS<br />
348 CARS<br />
MINI DK<br />
The idea of turning all of DK into an economical and ecological €cosystem seems utopian because of its magnitude.<br />
All concrete proposals will appear like abstract principles because we can’t grasp them. Therefore we have boiled<br />
the components of DK down to the size of an architectural project: all of Denmark’s different programs compressed<br />
proportionally into a 100.000m2 urban block - like a biopsy of the Danish urban tissue.<br />
At this scale the challenge becomes as tangible as any other commision - solve the program and keep count of the flow of resources<br />
and energy like we do with the square meters and the construction costs.<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 6 8/9/2004 9:22:21 AM
€CO SYSTEM<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 8 8/8/2004 12:00:02 PM
€COLOMY BALANCESHEET<br />
SECTOR PROGRAM<br />
AREA<br />
RAIN<br />
WATER<br />
DRINKING<br />
WATER<br />
GREY<br />
WATER<br />
BLACK<br />
WATER<br />
ELECTRICIT<br />
Y BURNABLE<br />
WASTE<br />
ORGANIC<br />
WASTE<br />
HYDROGEN<br />
75<br />
C HEAT<br />
30<br />
C HEAT<br />
OXYGEN<br />
M2<br />
M3<br />
M3<br />
M3<br />
M3<br />
KWh<br />
TONS<br />
TONS<br />
M3<br />
KWh<br />
KWh<br />
M3<br />
EXTERNAL<br />
RAIN<br />
WATER<br />
29750,<br />
00<br />
INCINERATIO N PLANT<br />
1278245, 24<br />
957, 92<br />
1278245,<br />
24<br />
HOUSING FAMILY<br />
HOUSING<br />
35000<br />
16138, 50<br />
2411,<br />
50<br />
13541, 50<br />
5008,<br />
50<br />
157500, 00<br />
414, 69<br />
7,<br />
59<br />
525000,<br />
00<br />
YOUTH HOUSING<br />
10000<br />
6960, 00<br />
1040,<br />
00<br />
5840, 00<br />
2160,<br />
00<br />
260000, 00<br />
118, 48<br />
2,<br />
17<br />
150000,<br />
00<br />
VACATION DWELLINGS<br />
5000<br />
1392, 00<br />
208,<br />
00<br />
1168, 00<br />
432,<br />
00<br />
28000, 00<br />
59, 24<br />
1,<br />
08<br />
75000,<br />
00<br />
LUXURY APPARTME<br />
NTS<br />
2000<br />
991, 80<br />
148,<br />
20<br />
832, 20<br />
307,<br />
80<br />
12600, 00<br />
23, 70<br />
0,<br />
43<br />
30000,<br />
00<br />
HOSTEL 2000<br />
922, 20<br />
137,<br />
80<br />
773, 80<br />
286,<br />
20<br />
49000, 00<br />
23, 70<br />
0,<br />
43<br />
30000,<br />
00<br />
INDUSTRY HYDROGEN<br />
PLANT<br />
500<br />
2740, 00<br />
1152373,<br />
18<br />
230474,<br />
64<br />
172855,<br />
98<br />
577471,<br />
32<br />
BIOGAS PLANT<br />
1000<br />
14096,<br />
00<br />
14096, 00<br />
5297, 94<br />
17, 84<br />
12361,<br />
85<br />
FUEL<br />
CELLS<br />
300<br />
HEAT PUMPS<br />
100<br />
5000,<br />
00<br />
SERVICE OXYGEN<br />
BAR<br />
200 63, 00<br />
7,<br />
00<br />
49, 00<br />
3920, 00<br />
1, 64<br />
0,<br />
07<br />
577471,<br />
32<br />
KINDERGAR TEN<br />
500<br />
157, 50<br />
17,<br />
50<br />
52, 50<br />
122,<br />
50<br />
8750, 00<br />
4, 10<br />
0,<br />
17<br />
7500,<br />
00<br />
POST OFFICE<br />
500<br />
45, 00<br />
5,<br />
00<br />
15, 00<br />
35,<br />
00<br />
13300, 00<br />
4, 10<br />
0,<br />
17<br />
7500,<br />
00<br />
PUBLIC CAFÉTERIA<br />
1000<br />
270, 00<br />
30,<br />
00<br />
90, 00<br />
210,<br />
00<br />
19600, 00<br />
8, 21<br />
0,<br />
34<br />
15000,<br />
00<br />
FIRESTATIO N<br />
1000<br />
450, 00<br />
50,<br />
00<br />
150, 00<br />
350,<br />
00<br />
24500, 00<br />
8, 21<br />
0,<br />
34<br />
15000,<br />
00<br />
PUBLIC LIBRARY<br />
20000<br />
4680, 00<br />
520,<br />
00<br />
1560, 00<br />
3640,<br />
00<br />
740000, 00<br />
168, 69<br />
0,<br />
00<br />
100000,<br />
00<br />
OFFICES 10000<br />
900, 00<br />
100,<br />
00<br />
300, 00<br />
700,<br />
00<br />
303000, 00<br />
82,<br />
10<br />
3,<br />
37<br />
SUPERMAR KET<br />
5000<br />
765, 00<br />
85,<br />
00<br />
255, 00<br />
595,<br />
00<br />
500000, 00<br />
41,<br />
05<br />
1,<br />
69<br />
400000,<br />
00<br />
OUTDOOR ROOT<br />
ZONE<br />
JUNGLE<br />
2500<br />
32974,<br />
00<br />
7500,<br />
00<br />
40474,<br />
00<br />
PARKING 25000<br />
2740,<br />
00<br />
230474,<br />
64<br />
POOL 2000<br />
2000, 00<br />
1800, 00<br />
200,<br />
00<br />
186000,<br />
00<br />
166800,<br />
00<br />
389200,<br />
00<br />
SOLAR CELLS<br />
2180000,<br />
00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
1<br />
7<br />
0<br />
,<br />
3<br />
6<br />
6<br />
1<br />
4<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
0<br />
4<br />
7<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
,<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
E<br />
C<br />
N<br />
A<br />
L<br />
A<br />
B<br />
Y<br />
G<br />
R<br />
E<br />
N<br />
E<br />
L<br />
A<br />
T<br />
O<br />
T<br />
0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00<br />
0,00€<br />
<br />
NUMBER OF CARS SUPPLIED 115 TOTAL ENERGY BILL<br />
BLACK NUMBERS = PRODUCTION, RED NUMBERS = CONSUMPTION.<br />
COLOUR CODING FOR ENERGY TRANSACTIONS: HEAT, ELECTRICITY, OXYGEN, RAINWATER, DRINKING WATER, HYDROGEN, GREY WATER, BLACK WATER.<br />
* DATA USED FOR CALCULATIONS. ANNUAL NUMBERS. CONSUMPTION: ‘ELO'S NØGLETAL’ IS USED FOR CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF DIFFERENT PROGRAMS (ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION NUMBERS ARE REDUCED BY 30%, DUE TO NEWER AND MORE EFFICIENT INSTALLATIONS. FOR<br />
HEAT CONSUMPTION, 15 KWH/ M2 IS USED, THE CURRENT MINIMUM IN EXISTING ECO-PROJECTS. WATER: RAINFALL IS 700 MM, OF WHICH 85% IS COLLECTED. RAINWATER IS SUPPLYING 87% OF WATER NEEDS (EVERYTHING EXCEPT DRINKING AND COOKING). 1325 INHABITANTS<br />
PRODUCE 0,6 T MANURE/PERSON, GASSING 210 KWH/TON, TRANSFORMED IN A BIOGAS-DRIVEN GENERATOR TO 30% ELECTRICITY AND 70% HEAT. 2500 M2 ROOTZONE JUNGLE CLEANS THE WASTEWATER AND PRODUCES 3 T/M2 DESTILLED WATER BY EVAPORATION. ELECTRICITY:<br />
20.000 M2 OF SOLAR CELLS PRODUCE 109 KWH/M2. INCINERATION PLANT PRODUCES 3336 KWH PER TON OF GARBAGE, TRANSFORMED TO 40% ELECTRICITY, 40% HEAT AND 20% LOSS. GARBAGE PRODUCTION IS 0,59 T/PERSON, OF WHICH 85% IS BURNABLE, 12% IS RECYCLABLE AND<br />
3% IS ORGANIC. HYDROGEN: THE HYDROGEN PLANT PRODUCES 0,2 M3 OF COMPRESSED HYDROGEN, 0,1 M3 OF OXYGEN AND 0,15 KWH OF HEAT PER KWH. HYDROGEN CARS ARE ASSUMED TO DRIVE 5 KM PER M3 OF HYDROGEN AND 10000 KM/YEAR.<br />
21528 energy_REV.indd 9 8/8/2004 10:06:39 AM<br />
SOURCES: WWW.DST.DK, STATISTISK ÅRBOG 2003, AFFALDSSTATISTIK DK 2002, ENERGI E2 A/S, ENERGILEDELSESORDNINGEN (ELO), ENERGISTYRELSEN, 'FRA TAGET TIL TOILETTET' (ERHVERVS- OG BOLIGSTYRELSEN), H2LOGIC, WWW.DANSKSOLENERGI.DK, JØRGEN LØGSTRUP<br />
(TRANSFORM - DANISH ROOTZONE)
21528 energy 8/9/04 12:43 PM Page 10<br />
METRO STATION<br />
DR PLADSEN<br />
ØRESTADS BOULEVARD<br />
AMAGER FÆLLEDVEJ<br />
GRØNJORDSVEJ<br />
SITE<br />
Allow shortcuts between all urban key positions<br />
WNW<br />
WSW<br />
NW<br />
SW<br />
Total irradiation in year, Stockholm<br />
NNW<br />
SSW<br />
N<br />
90?<br />
80?<br />
70?<br />
60?<br />
50?<br />
40?<br />
30?<br />
20?<br />
10?<br />
© Econergy bv, 2000<br />
W E<br />
?<br />
S<br />
NNE<br />
SSE<br />
? = maximum (1225 kWh/m²) at orientation = 1° tilt = 44°<br />
NE<br />
SE<br />
ENE<br />
ESE<br />
contour levels in % of<br />
maximum (5% interval)<br />
PEDDER LYKKESVEJ<br />
SOLAR ORIENTATION<br />
The building volumes should be optimized for sunexposure for maximizing<br />
active solar cell performance as well as passive solar heat gain.<br />
FACADE EXPOSURE<br />
The pyramids cast shadows on each other.<br />
TERRASSE CONFIGURATION<br />
Housing and terrasses on facades with no more than 2 hours of shadow per<br />
day.<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
BUILDING SITES<br />
Shortcuts subtracted from site<br />
N<br />
W E<br />
S<br />
N W S<br />
E N<br />
SOLAR OPTIMIZED FACADE ANGLES<br />
Each facade is angled according to orientation, defi ning a series of<br />
triangular pyramids.<br />
ACTIVE SOLAR PANEL CONFIGURATION<br />
Solarpanels on facades that always have sun.<br />
FACADE CONFIGURATION<br />
Yellow = solar panels, yellow+green = housing, grey = offi ce/public/<br />
parking
21528 energy 8/9/04 9:19 AM Page 11
21528 energy 8/9/04 9:19 AM Page 11
21528 energy 8/8/04 9:27 AM Page 13
21528 energy 8/9/04 8:37 AM Page 14
21528 energy 8/9/04 8:38 AM Page 15
21528 energy 8/5/04 11:49 AM Page 16<br />
Margrethe bowls, Sigvard Bernadotte and<br />
Acton Bjørn, 1950.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 1<br />
What if<br />
Greenland<br />
was<br />
Africa’s<br />
water<br />
fountain?<br />
New Greenland<br />
Bruce Mau Design
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 2<br />
Hans Enoksen, Premier of Greenland<br />
Greenland Home Rule<br />
Postboks 1015<br />
3900 Nuuk, Greenland<br />
Dear Hans Enoksen,<br />
To Greenland's Home Rule government and to your citizens we propose the New Greenland –<br />
a pragmatic utopia to bring you economic prosperity and political sovereignty.<br />
Today, most atlases of the world show your country as a ghostly white island, for<br />
which there's "no data." Greenland has been self-governing since 1979 but is still<br />
part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland's economy is dependent on exports of fish,<br />
but half the revenues come from Denmark.<br />
For a country that's mostly not on the map, you've been showing up in the media<br />
lately with dramatic images of the melting ice cap and frightening stories about the<br />
potential impact of rising sea levels. Bye-bye Manhattan. So long Bangladesh. We know<br />
it's not your fault. Greenlanders don't drive SUVs. Greenlanders have no roads.<br />
Now imagine the New Greenland. The first thing you do is stop the flood –<br />
yourselves. Grab the meltwater and put it to good use. You've already given license<br />
to companies whose ships are pulling up along side your fjords and taking your melt<br />
water directly into their tanks. Using icebergs that float down from Greenland,<br />
private companies are already making a profit on iceberg water, iceberg vodka and<br />
iceberg beer. If they can do it, you can too. Create national wealth by partnering<br />
with a company that has deep pockets, global marketing smarts, and the world's biggest<br />
distribution network. Next, transfer the wealth into profitable infrastructure,<br />
educational expenditures and sustainability. Norway did it with oil. Botswana did<br />
it with diamonds.<br />
But don't stop there. Today, 1.2 billion people don't have access to clean water.<br />
The entire continent of Africa supports 700 million people with 11% of the world's fresh<br />
water. Greenland has 20% of the world's fresh water and only 57,000 people. What if<br />
Greenland was Africa's water fountain? The technology exists for transporting water in<br />
bulk – in massive water bags. Aquarius has been doing it in the Greek Islands since 1997.<br />
Consider the New Greenland project. Take it to the Arctic Council for environmental<br />
assessment. Test it against the economic models in the Copenhagen Consensus. Consult<br />
the water experts at The Hague. Ask the United Nations if they'd like to meet their<br />
U.N. Millennium goal for water before 2015. Ask Greenlanders if they'd like to achieve<br />
three amazing ambitions: provide fresh water for those who need it, lessen the<br />
effects of global warming, and establish Greenland's transition towards economic and<br />
political sovereignty.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
Bruce Mau Design<br />
and the Too Perfect Project Team<br />
In collaboration with Work Worth Doing<br />
cc. Marianne Lykke Thomsen, Arctic Council Senior Policy Advisor, Greenland<br />
cc. Mary Simon, Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs, Canada<br />
Danish Architecture Centre Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen Bruce Mau Design 197 Spadina Avenue, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2C8
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 11:39 AM Page 3<br />
A<br />
1. Stop<br />
the<br />
Flood<br />
Greenland is melting as its ice cap retreats<br />
inland, driven by global warming. Tons of fresh<br />
water are pouring into the North Atlantic,<br />
displacing the dense salt water that drives ocean<br />
circulation. The fresher the ocean gets, the more<br />
threatened are the currents that keep Europe<br />
warm. Cascading moulins (A) create a wildly<br />
beautiful site for tourists but pose a slippery slope<br />
to climate upheavals and disaster. Is it mountain<br />
or molehill? For 400,000 years, temperature and<br />
CO2 levels in the Vostok ice core have cycled in<br />
synch. More recent readings show CO2 levels<br />
at their highest ever. Temperatures are likely<br />
heading the same way, which means more and<br />
more melt water. Stop the flood and make the<br />
melt water an economic enabler of Greenland’s<br />
independence. Stop the flood and turn it into<br />
a solution for water-stressed Africa.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 11:27 AM Page 4<br />
B<br />
2. Turn<br />
Melt Water<br />
Into Money<br />
Others are making profits while Greenland melts.<br />
In 2003, Greenland’s Home Rule government<br />
issued the first license to collect and export its<br />
melt water to Aquapolaris, a private company.<br />
In Beverley Hills, bottles of iceberg water sell for<br />
$10 U.S. each. And in Newfoundland, icebergs<br />
are replacing fish as the basis of new business<br />
opportunities. Every spring, icebergs from<br />
Greenland parade south, past the coast of<br />
Newfoundland. The same people who used to<br />
fish now harvest icebergs from a floating barge,<br />
using a grapple crane to break off chunks of ice.<br />
The ice is crushed, melted and stored in tanks.<br />
The water is used for free by the Canadian Iceberg<br />
Vodka Corporation to produce Iceberg Vodka (B).
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 12:58 PM Page 5<br />
C<br />
D<br />
3. Expand<br />
the<br />
Economy<br />
Greenland’s economy is dependent, in equal<br />
measure, on financial support from the Danish<br />
Government and exports of fish (C). Mostly<br />
shrimp. But with billions of litres of water flowing<br />
into the sea, opportunity knocks (D). Harvest<br />
only 34% of Greenland’s icebergs to match the<br />
total worldwide bottled water production of<br />
89 billion litres a year. Convert that to bottles<br />
and get 178 billion bottles of water. Times that by<br />
2 euros = total sales of 356 billion euros. Divide<br />
that by the population of Greenland – 57,000 –<br />
and each citizen gets a cool 6.2 million euros per<br />
year. Try controlling just one percent of the bottled<br />
water market. That produces an additional per<br />
capita income of 62,000 euros.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 2:21 PM Page 6<br />
E<br />
F<br />
4. Become<br />
a New<br />
Greenland<br />
The flag of Greenland is white and red (E).<br />
White symbolizes the ice and snow, red the sun.<br />
The proposed New Greenland flag (F) symbolizes<br />
water, the new source of wealth and the economic<br />
enabler of political independence. There are places<br />
in the world where citizens are benefiting from their<br />
country’s natural resources. Look to nearby Norway,<br />
where the government controls the petroleum<br />
resources, enabling its citizens to enjoy the world’s<br />
highest quality of life. Consider faraway Botswana,<br />
where the government is transferring much<br />
of the wealth created by rich diamond deposits<br />
into profitable infrastructure and educational<br />
expenditures. Bottling water presents Greenland<br />
with a strategy to become a wealthy new nation.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 7<br />
G<br />
H<br />
5. Distribute<br />
the<br />
Wealth<br />
# of people<br />
% of world’s<br />
fresh water<br />
The world is divided into water rich and water poor.<br />
With 20% of the world’s fresh water (G) and only<br />
57,000 citizens, Greenland is one of the water<br />
richest. With 11% of the world’s fresh water and<br />
700,000,000 people, Africa (H) is the water<br />
poorest. Show the world responsible stewardship<br />
of water wealth. Every year 189.3 billion litres<br />
of melt water flow into the sea. Harvest the melt<br />
water. Send it to Africa.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 8<br />
I<br />
6. Develop<br />
the Big<br />
Ideas<br />
Using the ocean to transport bulk water is an<br />
industry in its infancy, but evidence of experiments<br />
and new technologies abound.<br />
The Medusa Bag (I) is a giant bag designed in<br />
1988 by James Cran of Calgary, Alberta to meet<br />
the anticipated requirement for large scale water<br />
imports to California as well as to Israel, Jordan<br />
and Palestine. It can carry 100,000 m3 of bulk<br />
water. The Norwegian Shipping Company used<br />
a similar bag to transport water in Scandinavia.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 1:06 PM Page 9<br />
J<br />
Over 1 billion people lack access<br />
Over 1 billion people lack access<br />
to clean drinking water<br />
to clean drinking water<br />
= 1,600 billion litres<br />
= 1,600 billion litres<br />
Greenland’s meltwater<br />
Greenland’s meltwater<br />
= 189.3 billion litres of water,<br />
= 189.3 billion litres of water,<br />
or 12% of the water deficit worldwide.<br />
or 12% of the water deficit worldwide.<br />
If Greenland provided their meltwater<br />
If Greenland provided their meltwater<br />
to Africa, they could assist more than<br />
to Africa, they could assist more than<br />
129 million people<br />
129 million people<br />
= 18.5% of the population of Africa,<br />
= 18.5% of the population of Africa,<br />
or<br />
or<br />
the equivalent of the combined<br />
the equivalent of the combined<br />
populations of Guinea, Sierra Leone,<br />
populations of Guinea, Sierra Leone,<br />
Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo,<br />
Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo,<br />
Benin, Cameroon, and 1/2 of Nigeria.<br />
Benin, Cameroon, and 1/2 of Nigeria.<br />
Each person would receive 4 litres<br />
Each person would receive 4 litres<br />
of water per day per year.<br />
of water per day per year.<br />
To ship Greenland’s meltwater<br />
To ship Greenland’s meltwater<br />
would require a total of 1,893 Medusa<br />
would require a total of 1,893 Medusa<br />
bags per year,<br />
bags per year,<br />
or<br />
or<br />
the equivalent of sending<br />
the equivalent of sending<br />
5 bags per day.<br />
5 bags per day.<br />
GREENLAND<br />
IS MELTING<br />
1 Medusa bag<br />
= 100,000 m 3 of water<br />
7. Relieve<br />
the Water<br />
Stress<br />
Millions are dying every year in Africa from water<br />
related diseases. Desalination is relieving extreme<br />
water scarcity in the north but is too expensive<br />
and energy intensive for most of the continent.<br />
Just above the equator, on the west coast of Africa,<br />
Porto Novo is a gateway to nine African countries:<br />
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana,<br />
Togo, Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon. The New<br />
Greenland Bag Water Plan (J) envisions a train<br />
of five Medusa bags embarking daily to deliver<br />
189.3 billion litres of water per year. That would<br />
mean four litres of water per day, every day of the<br />
year, for 129 million people. This plan relieves the<br />
water stress and moves the U.N. closer to meeting<br />
its Millennium Development Goal for water.<br />
5 Medusa bags/day<br />
AFRICA<br />
IS THIRSTY<br />
Togo<br />
1/2 Nigeria<br />
Benin<br />
Guinea<br />
Sierra Leone<br />
Côte<br />
d’Ivoire<br />
Liberia<br />
Ghana<br />
Porto<br />
Novo<br />
Cameroon
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 2:19 PM Page 10<br />
K<br />
L<br />
M<br />
8. Piggyback<br />
Transport water with local know-how and existing<br />
distribution methods. Piggyback on common forms<br />
of transportation and humanitarian efforts such<br />
as the Peace Corps (K) to build infrastructure.<br />
Carry the water where it’s needed with human<br />
motivation plus the latest liberating inventions,<br />
such as the hand-held relative of the steamroller,<br />
the Hippo Roller (L). Hitch a ride with Coca-Cola,<br />
the biggest distribution network on the African<br />
continent (M) – it’s a powerful and pragmatic<br />
possibility.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 11<br />
Niels Tanderup Kristensen<br />
Head of Section,<br />
Greenland Home Rule<br />
Government,<br />
Department of Foreign Affairs<br />
Commented on the politics<br />
of Greenland, the marketable<br />
quality of their 12,000 yearold<br />
water and their interest<br />
in playing a role in a<br />
humanitarian effort<br />
Grant Gibbs<br />
The Hippo Water Roller<br />
Project, www.hipporoller.org<br />
South Africa<br />
Described how the hippo roller<br />
is transforming the daily task<br />
of transporting water in African<br />
villages<br />
Dr. Rafael Gomez<br />
Professor of Economics,<br />
London School of Economics,<br />
His graduate students worked<br />
on a project about bottling<br />
water from Greenland<br />
9. Weigh In<br />
With<br />
Experts<br />
Warned of “fiercely<br />
competitive” bottled water<br />
market and possible future<br />
water wars. Pointed to<br />
different economic scenarios<br />
in which one country’s citizens<br />
benefit from the sale of natural<br />
resources and another country’s<br />
citizens are left in poverty as<br />
their politicians cream the<br />
wealth<br />
Freeman Dyson<br />
Futurist, physicist, expert in<br />
quantum electrodynamics,<br />
Author of Disturbing the<br />
Universe, Infinite in All<br />
Directions, and Imagined<br />
World<br />
Said that using satellites to<br />
stop Greenland from melting<br />
is stupid and impractical;<br />
suggested we talk to<br />
economists not astronomers<br />
Adnan Z. Amin<br />
Director, New York Office,<br />
United Nations Environment<br />
Program<br />
Predicted that funding would<br />
have to come from the private<br />
sector not the public sector<br />
Draw on the ideas and knowledge of many. Gather<br />
expertise in the field and around the globe. Test ideas<br />
and feasibility with leading organizations and think<br />
tanks. Measure the economic, environmental and<br />
social impact. Reach consensus among world<br />
thinkers and local stakeholders. Margaret Mead,<br />
anthropologist, states “Never doubt that a small<br />
group of dedicated individuals can change the<br />
world … Indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.”<br />
Ms. H. L. MacLean<br />
Associate Professor,<br />
Environmental engineering,<br />
economics and public policy,<br />
Department of Civil<br />
Engineering,<br />
University of Toronto<br />
Suggested we look at the<br />
project from a Life Cycle<br />
Assessment perspective<br />
Tania Del Matto<br />
Canadian Centre for<br />
Pollution Prevention,<br />
Windsor, Ontario<br />
Recommended an<br />
environmental assessment and<br />
asked how we planned<br />
to help Africa become water<br />
self-sufficient over the<br />
long term<br />
Bernard W. Funston<br />
Executive Secretary,<br />
Arctic Council Sustainable<br />
Development Working Group,<br />
Secretariat,<br />
Ottawa, Canada<br />
Asked if Denmark and<br />
Greenland planned to bring<br />
this proposal forward in the<br />
Arctic Council<br />
David Fairman<br />
(Harvard professor)<br />
Vice President,<br />
The Consensus Building<br />
Institute Inc.,<br />
Cambridge, Massachusetts<br />
Advised on successful methods<br />
for joint fact-finding and the<br />
use of technical experts in big<br />
water projects with multiple<br />
stakeholders<br />
Bryan Karney<br />
Professor,<br />
Department of Civil<br />
Engineering,<br />
Pumps, pipelines and<br />
hydraulics,<br />
University of Toronto<br />
Proposed three big issues that<br />
will need careful consideration:<br />
energy requirements, volume<br />
of water and value of water<br />
Baher Abdulhai<br />
Associate Professor,<br />
Director ITS Centre,<br />
Department of Civil<br />
Engineering,<br />
Intelligent transportation<br />
systems,<br />
University of Toronto<br />
Encouraged the big thinking;<br />
cautioned that the milliondollar<br />
question is: feasibility?<br />
James Cran<br />
Inventor: Medusa Bag<br />
Said that transporting water<br />
is economically feasible when<br />
done on a massive scale; the<br />
optimum size is a 2 million ton<br />
bag. Described the features<br />
of the Medusa Bag and his<br />
proposition for delivering water<br />
to the Gaza Strip.
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 1:00 PM Page 12<br />
Too Perfect Seven New Denmarks<br />
A collaboration of the Danish Architecture<br />
Centre, Harbourfront Centre and the Power<br />
Plant, as part of SUPERDANISH: Newfangled<br />
Danish Culture. Curated by Bruce Mau<br />
Design, in collaboration with Plot. With<br />
the participation of Kontrapunkt, Nord, SRL<br />
Arkitekter, Arkitema and Plot. Commissioned<br />
by the Danish Architecture Centre.<br />
DAC | DANISH ARCHITECTURE<br />
CENTRE<br />
The Danish Architecture Centre,<br />
located in the heart of Copenhagen, is<br />
the most important centre for the exhibition<br />
and development of architecture in Denmark.<br />
It hosts exhibitions and trade activities<br />
focussed on both Danish and international<br />
architecture, with the goal of helping the<br />
Danish architecture and construction<br />
industries to grow. However, the exhibitions<br />
are produced for and open to not just the<br />
trade but also the general public. The Danish<br />
Architecture Centre is known for exhibition<br />
concepts that create debate.<br />
Recent ones include The New World Trade<br />
Centre, which was the first showing outside<br />
New York of Daniel Libeskind’s project for the<br />
new World Trade <strong>Center</strong>; Architecture without<br />
Boundaries, which showed the work of Daniel<br />
Libeskind, Jean Nouvel, Zaha Hadid, and Sir<br />
Norman Foster, who are the first international<br />
architects to work in Denmark for more than<br />
250 years; Futures2Come, about the use<br />
of 3D real time in construction designs;<br />
and Kids in Space, an exhibition that gave<br />
thousands of children the opportunity to<br />
play and explore architecture physically as<br />
well as virtually.<br />
The Danish Architecture Centre also works<br />
internationally to market, develop and<br />
re-brand Danish Architecture. Through the<br />
cooperation with international architects<br />
and designers, exhibitions and concepts<br />
are developed that place Danish architecture<br />
on the international scene.<br />
The Danish Architecture Centre is subsidised<br />
by the Danish government, the Danish<br />
business sector, and the Danish construction<br />
and architecture industries. (www.dac.dk)<br />
HARBOURFRONT CENTRE<br />
Harbourfront Centre is Canada’s leading<br />
multi-disciplinary cultural centre. Artistic<br />
programming spans the spectrum from the<br />
experimental to the traditional, from popular<br />
culture to the leading-edge contemporary<br />
work. Harbourfront Centre’s goal is to enliven,<br />
entertain and educate the public by delivering<br />
cultural, educational and recreational<br />
programmes year-round. Harbourfront Centre<br />
comprises five theatres, two art galleries and<br />
several exhibition spaces, an outdoor concert<br />
venue and a craft studio.<br />
Harbourfront Centre presents SUPERDANISH:<br />
Newfangled Danish Culture – a provocative<br />
exploration of current, creative Danish<br />
culture, running from September 28 to<br />
December 2004 and featuring more then<br />
200 artists participating in over 130 events.<br />
SUPERDANISH offers premier performances,<br />
screenings, exhibitions, readings, lectures,<br />
symposiums and concerts exploring culture<br />
in all its aspects, including visual art,<br />
architecture, craft, design, music, opera,<br />
literature, theatre and dance, film, food,<br />
and public culture. Events take place at<br />
Harbourfront Centre and at participating<br />
galleries and partner organizations throughout<br />
Toronto. (www.harbourfrontcentre.com/<br />
superdanish)<br />
THE POWER PLANT<br />
The Power Plant is Canada’s leading public<br />
gallery devoted exclusively to the art of our<br />
time. A prominent, non-collecting exhibition<br />
facility located in Toronto, it features new<br />
works by today’s best artists and is on par<br />
with a handful of the finest international<br />
institutions in the field. The Power Plant is<br />
an integral part of Harbourfront Centre and<br />
a locus for a wide variety of activities and<br />
resources related to contemporary art.<br />
Since 1987, The Power Plant has won<br />
international attention and praise for<br />
consistently presenting the highest level<br />
of contemporary art activity. Their exhibitions<br />
celebrate the diverse tendencies of visual<br />
art practice, including painting, sculpture,<br />
photography, film, video, installations<br />
and other media. Their publications are<br />
found in libraries and bookstores around<br />
the world, while their lectures and other<br />
public programmes present the most<br />
respected local and international authorities<br />
in the field. (www.thepowerplant.org)
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 11:30 AM Page 13<br />
The exhibition Too Perfect: Seven New<br />
Denmarks is shown in three different locations<br />
in the world at the same time – the<br />
Danish Architecture Centre in Copenhagen,<br />
where it forms the first part of an exhibition<br />
trilogy entitled DAC RE-THINK; the 9th<br />
International Architecture Biennale in Venice,<br />
where it is Denmark’s official contribution,<br />
and Harbourfront Centre in Toronto as part<br />
of the festival SUPERDANISH.<br />
COPENHAGEN<br />
Danish Architecture Centre<br />
Modelværkstedet by Morten Gehl, fabricator,<br />
construction of exhibition models<br />
MAJ Byg by Søren Hansen, fabricator,<br />
construction of exhibition walls and panels<br />
Kristina Adsersen, architect/design manager,<br />
research, design and sourcing of Hall<br />
of Fame objects and exhibition design<br />
Susanne Pauline Svendsen, architect,<br />
research and quotes for Hall of Fame<br />
Peter Kleist, technical manager, overall<br />
set-up at DAC<br />
Johan Galster, marketing and brand manager<br />
and responsible for contact with our many<br />
sponsors<br />
Sussi Heimburger, PR, our contact with the<br />
Danish press<br />
Fie Sahl, graphic designer, local work for<br />
the DAC exhibition<br />
Malene Mærsk Lippmann, project manager,<br />
overall coordination of all 3 exhibitions –<br />
DAC, Venice, Toronto<br />
Kent Martinussen, director, boss and<br />
idea manager<br />
PLOT<br />
Bjarke Ingels, Julien De Smedt<br />
with Dan Stubbergaard<br />
and<br />
Mads Birgens<br />
Louise Breiner<br />
Uffe Bruhl<br />
Teis Draiby<br />
Andreas Pedersen<br />
Ole Schroder<br />
Nina Ter-Borch<br />
VENICE<br />
M+B studio<br />
Troels Bruun, Executive Architect<br />
Daniela Murgia, Translation/Coordination<br />
Filippo Lovato, Assistant Architect<br />
Mariagiovanna Nuzzi, Assistant Architect<br />
TORONTO<br />
Harbourfront Centre<br />
William Boyle, Executive Producer,<br />
SUPERDANISH and CEO, Harbourfront Centre<br />
Tina Rasmussen, Artistic Producer,<br />
SUPERDANISH<br />
Allison Bottomley, Associate Producer,<br />
SUPERDANISH<br />
Power Plant Contemporary Art Gallery<br />
Wayne Baerwaldt, Director<br />
Anette Larsson, Assistant Director<br />
Reid Shier, Curator<br />
Paul Zingrone, Head of Installations<br />
Christy Thompson, Exhibition Coordinator<br />
Julie Faris, Anitra Hamilton, Brad Johnson,<br />
Garth Johnson, Doug Moore, Mark Phillips,<br />
Hamish Pelletier, Craig Whiteside,<br />
Installation Crew<br />
Xandra Eden, Assistant Curator<br />
Terence Dick, Head of Public Programmes<br />
Bruce Mau Design<br />
Too Perfect: Seven New Denmarks<br />
curated and designed by<br />
Bruce Mau<br />
with Amanda Ramos<br />
and<br />
Mike Bartosik<br />
Angelica Fox<br />
Barr Gilmore<br />
Tobias Lau<br />
Kyo Maclear<br />
Laurel Macmillan<br />
Catherine Rix<br />
Jim Shedden<br />
Leonard Wyma<br />
Exhibition fabrication: Display Arts of Toronto<br />
Exhibition graphics: Icon<br />
Catalogue printing: C.J. Graphics<br />
Back cover photo: Maris Mezulis
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Project Team<br />
Arkitema K/S is one of Denmark’s largest<br />
architectural firms, representing more than<br />
30 years of experience in planning, architecture<br />
and design, supervision and inspection<br />
as well as construction project management<br />
and landscape architectural consultancy.<br />
Arkitema’s motto is “architecture on human<br />
foundations,” a focus that has remained<br />
at the core of the company through its rapid<br />
expansion over the past decade. In recent<br />
years, Arkitema has won about 120 large<br />
competitions, both public and closed, in<br />
Denmark and as far afield as China. Most<br />
of these projects have been built. Arkitema<br />
has a tradition of engaging in research and<br />
development projects. The company is<br />
currently working on number of residences<br />
where the goal is to rationalize and enhance<br />
the efficiency of construction through<br />
sustained collaboration. (www.arkitema.dk)<br />
Pragmatic Utopia: House Express<br />
Project team: Mette Rødtnes, Jørn Kiesslinger,<br />
Dorthe Kreis, Ola Jonsson, Per Feldthaus<br />
Kontrapunkt is a Copenhagen-based brand<br />
consultancy specializing in strategy, design<br />
and innovation and providing advice on the<br />
creation of identities to large corporations,<br />
multi-nationals, and several nations.<br />
Kontrapunkt has won more design prizes than<br />
any other design firm in the Nordic region.<br />
They are an established firm that has recently<br />
taken on new, young partners, one of whom,<br />
Rasmus Bech Hansen, is working on Too<br />
Perfect. They have repositioned the firm to<br />
do work based on the idea that “design is<br />
not solely about style, software or technology,<br />
it is about fulfilling human needs in new and<br />
better ways.” Kontrapunkt considers this<br />
approach to be rooted in the Scandinavian<br />
design tradition, “which, in every way, is<br />
about humanistic values.” Kontrapunkt has<br />
worked with clients as diverse as Adidas,<br />
Lego and the European Commission.<br />
(www.kontrapunkt.dk)<br />
Pragmatic Utopia: Child Inc.<br />
Project team: Rasmus Bech Hansen,<br />
Christian Leifelt, Rikke Storm, Maria Aakjær<br />
NORD (Northern Office for Research and<br />
Design) was founded by four young architects<br />
who joined forces and situated themselves<br />
in Copenhagen, Denmark to combine their<br />
experiences from international studies,<br />
employments and teaching. Convinced<br />
that the world does not need yet another<br />
traditional architectural firm, NORD believes<br />
that in order to trigger real change within the<br />
society, you have to design and operate within<br />
various cross-disciplinary domains. Their<br />
practice focuses on process design within<br />
urban areas and the rural landscape. In their<br />
view architecture and design has the capacity<br />
to be the negotiater between individuals,<br />
organizations and institutions. They are<br />
particularly interested in projects that<br />
investigate alternative means of material<br />
organization, planning strategies and landscape<br />
design. They are engaged in a number<br />
of participatory planning projects, including a<br />
branding/identity strategy for social housing,<br />
cultural planning of new urban developments<br />
in Copenhagen, scenarios for a post-industrial<br />
site and an open-source design involving the<br />
inhabitants of 425 dwellings.<br />
(www.nord-web.dk)<br />
Pragmatic Utopia: Pharmland<br />
Project team: Morten Rask Gregersen,<br />
Johannes Pedersen, Anne Katrine<br />
Hornemann and Lars Serup, in collaboration<br />
with 2+1<br />
SRL Arkitekter was established in 1991 after<br />
being awarded first prize in the competition<br />
for the new Museum of Modern Art in<br />
Copenhagen. In the years since, the studio<br />
has participated in competitions and has<br />
been awarded several prizes for their projects,<br />
both national and well as international. The<br />
concept that physical space can be formed<br />
into something other than a purely functional<br />
framework is one of the studio’s most important<br />
development goals, especially when<br />
participating in new business networks. Since<br />
1997, SRL’s principal, Søren Robert Lund,<br />
has been affiliated with Copenhagen’s famous<br />
amusement park, Tivoli, as Head of Design<br />
and Development. In that role, he has been<br />
responsible for a large-scale invention program<br />
in the park and is currently renovating Tivoli<br />
Concert Hall and developing a new Tivoli<br />
Hotel. SRL Architects, in collaboration with<br />
CEBRA, is also at the moment designing<br />
two 8,000m2 schools, which are both under<br />
construction. (www.srlarkitekter.dk)<br />
Pragmatic Utopia: Endless Coastline<br />
Project team: Søren Robert Lund, Naja<br />
Hoffmeyer, Line Birkebæk Holst, Nicolai<br />
Haagensen, Sine Martini, Michael Droob<br />
PLOT was founded in Copenhagen in 2001<br />
by two young architects, Julien De Smedt and<br />
Bjarke Ingels. PLOT’s practice is focused<br />
on turning intense research and analysis<br />
of practical as well as theoretical issues<br />
into the driving forces of design. The office’s<br />
name encapsulates its design philosophy:<br />
“A narrative is a series of events that are tied<br />
together in a PLOT…. The PLOT makes architecture<br />
more than a random accumulation<br />
of toilets and bedrooms.” In the citation for<br />
a recent award, architect Eric Messerschmidt<br />
praised PLOT by saying that “their work is a<br />
brilliant example of how you can, by turning<br />
the architect’s method and attitude upside<br />
down, set yourself free from known solutions<br />
and rethink architecture.” They have recently<br />
completed a youth club of 1,600m2 and are<br />
undertaking the construction of a 25,000m2 housing block, a 6,000m2 psychiatric<br />
hospital, and are developing several urban,<br />
residential, commercial and cultural projects.<br />
(www.plot.dk)<br />
Pragmatic Utopias: Superharbour, HySociety Project team: Bjarke Ingels, Julien De Smedt,<br />
with Dan Stubbergaard, Andreas Pedersen,<br />
Mads Birgens, Ole Schroder, Uffe Bruhl,<br />
Louise Breiner, Teis Draiby, Nina Ter-Borch<br />
Bruce Mau Design Inc. (BMD) was founded<br />
in Toronto in 1985. Since then the studio has<br />
gained international recognition for innovative,<br />
interdisciplinary work. For BMD, design is<br />
a means, not an end. The studio considers<br />
the evolutionary design process itself to be<br />
a fundamental part of the outcome and the<br />
solution.<br />
The studio has a distinct make-up in that its<br />
designers and members come from diverse<br />
educational and professional backgrounds<br />
and various industries. The studio provides<br />
both expertise and innovation in a wide<br />
range of projects: identity and branding,<br />
research and conceptual programming,<br />
print design and production, environmental<br />
signage and way-finding systems, and<br />
exhibition and product design.<br />
The studio’s emphasis on content-driven<br />
work, coupled with Bruce Mau’s insistence<br />
that everything is design-related, has encouraged<br />
it to cross numerous disciplinary boundaries.<br />
The Institute Without Boundaries, BMD’s<br />
most radical undertaking, is a studio-based<br />
lab formed out of the belief that the future will<br />
demand a new breed of designer, a generalist<br />
with the capacity to articulate possibilities.<br />
The IWB’s first undertaking is Massive Change,<br />
a multi-year, discursive project on the future<br />
of global design. Massive Change will embody<br />
a traveling exhibition commissioned by the<br />
Vancouver Art Gallery, a book published by<br />
Phaidon Press, web-based projects, public<br />
events, and products. (www.bruce<br />
maudesign.com)<br />
Pragmatic Utopia: New Greenland<br />
Project team: Bruce Mau, Amanda Ramos,<br />
Angelica Fox, with Kyo Maclear and Work<br />
Worth Doing (Lorraine Gauthier and Alex<br />
Quinto), Leonard Wyma
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 15<br />
“Re-invent yourself”<br />
– Madonna
21528 greeenland 8/10/04 9:08 AM Page 16<br />
www.tooperfect.dk