Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic ...

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Lyttkens, Ivar Adolf & Fredrik Amadeus Wulff. 1885. Svenska språkets ljudlära och beteckningslära jämte en afhandling om aksent. Lund: Gleerup. Maddieson, Ian. 1984. Patterns of sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maddieson, Ian & Kristin Precoda. 1989. “Updating UPSID.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Suppl. 1. Vol 86, S19. Marosán, Lajos. 1983. “Gégezarhang és (pre)aspiráció az erdei nyenyecben.” Nyelvtudomanyi Közlemenyek 85: 117–122. Marstrander, Carl. 1932. “Okklusiver og substrater.” Norsk tidskrift for sprogvidenskap V: 358–314. Matisoff, James A. 1975. “Rhinoglottophilia: the mysterious connection between nasality and glottality.” In C.A. Ferguson, L.M. Hyman & J.J. Ohala (eds), Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalisation, pp. 265–287. Stanford: Language Universals Project. McRobbie-Utasi, Zita. 1999. Quantity in the Skolt (Lappish) Saami Language: An Acoustic Analysis. Indiana university Uralic and Altaic series, vol. 165. Bloomington: Indiana University Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. Millardet, Georges. 1911. “Insertions de consonnes en suèdois moderne.” Revue de Phonétique 1: 309–346. Moxness, Bente H. 1997. Preaspiration in Trønder. MA Thesis, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). Naert, Pierre. 1958. “För en finare fonetisk transkription av färöiskan.”Studier i nordisk språkvetenskap, pp. 23–33. Lundastudier i nordisk språkvetenskap 14. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup. —. 1969. “La différenciation des consonnes en corrélation quantitative en islandais et en féroyen.” Orbis 18: 426–438. Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe & Cathair Ó Dochartaigh. 1984. “Some durational aspects of preaspiration.” In J.-A.W. Higgs & R. Thelwall (eds), Topics in Linguistic Phonetics. In Honour of E.T. Ulldal, pp. 141–157. Occasional Papers in Linguistics and Language Learning 9. Ulster: The New University of Ulster. Noreen, Adolf. 1903–7. Vårt språk: nysvensk grammatik i utförlig framställning, vol. I. Lund: Gleerup. Noreen, Adolf. 1918–24. Vårt språk: nysvensk grammatik i utförlig framställning, vol. IV. Lund: Gleerup. Ó Baoill, Dónall P. 1980. “Preaspiration, epenthesis and vowel lengtheninginterrelated and of similar origin?” Celtica 13: 79–108. Ó Murchú, Máirtín. 1985. “Devoicing and pre-aspiration in varieties of Scots- Gaelic.” Ériu 36: 195–198. Oftedal, Magne. 1947. “Jærske okklusivar.” Norsk tidsskrift for sprogvidenskap XIV: 229–235. – 250 –
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Preaspiration in the Nordic Languag
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PhD dissertation November 2002 Depa
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........
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4.4.4 Preaspiration duration — SW
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the following pages. Thanks also to
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ported, but these should only be ta
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Finally, in Chapter 5, the patterns
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lock (ibid:267; boldface mine). Wea
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closure, decay time of the glottal
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2 DEFINITION AND TYPOLOGY 2.1 Defin
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and Finnish the word [lhti] ‘bay
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turn into ChV sequences in which V
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2.2 Linking preaspiration and sonor
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The similarity in gestural organisa
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The fact that both preaspiration an
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have normative preaspiration, other
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usually expressed as unaspirated an
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while clusters have developed into
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ted as voiceless unaspirated or pos
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y a middle-aged male speaker. In bo
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ut this is not true of the “stand
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2.6 Auditory constraints and the ra
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The second criticism of Bladon’s
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in discharge rates in the auditory
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number of languages that possess se
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and Lappic (Finno-Ugric). It has be
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For the sake of simplicity and luci
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‘apple,’ [vh] vatnið ‘the wa
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Table 3-1. Reflexes of Old Norse st
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In the Northern dialect, V is sligh
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Pind’s experiments as well as the
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In Area 2, where Tórshavn is situa
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in VC syllables in their speech, ju
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Table 3-4. Reflexes of ON stops in
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long vowel followed by a preaspirat
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grams), with the occasional aid of
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quantity system instead of the ON f
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ON flytja). There are no examples o
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Table 3-7. Reflexes of ON stops in
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whether she thinks that leaving out
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(Hede, Linsäll and Sveg) as well a
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(VC vs. VC). For two pairs (/tak/ v
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stop sequences that remain to be di
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do occur systematic linguistic diff
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Gräsö Forsmark Valö S W E D E N
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There are very few examples of clus
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Kökar, in the Åboland archipelago
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one hand, speakers have a tendency
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ecent studies that corroborate thes
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example, in a particular dialect, t
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does not give her segmentation crit
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Scotland and Ireland 1 [hphthk] 2 [
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approximately 140-150 ms in VC syll
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1. South Saami (Southern & Ume Saam
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1987a), Estonian (Engstrand & Krull
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Table 3-13. Reflexes of ON postvoca
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and Tórshavn Faroese data were eli
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ducing breathiness into the voice q
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Figure 4-3. An example of a sequenc
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4.2 Central Standard Swedish (CSw)
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very large, since postaspiration wa
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Several spectrographic examples of
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The data indicate that there is lit
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produced and in 9 cases there were
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To examine effects of syllable stru
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preaspiration for lexically stresse
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durations exceeding 120 ms, preaspi
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mately 70 ms. Just before the stop
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noise becomes audibly postalveolar
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As regards nasal + fortis stop sequ
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most of the remaining instances he
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(comparable to our taverna type) ha
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The CSw data have shown that word-i
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golf ‘golf,’ in which the utter
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o Figure 4-35. Subj. GT: […tv]
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word-initial lenis stop preceded by
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(i.e., short mVOffT and long mVOT).
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make it easier to refer to stops in
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[mh] ‘food’ is used, and for fu
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clear stop correlate, 26 (7%) had a
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All subjects considered, for lenis
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Figure 4-45(a) plots preaspiration
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cluster and 2 instances with a kt c
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4.3.2.5 Postaspiration duration Ins
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closure gesture. As the escape chan
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fricative constriction cannot be at
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is glottal during the first 50 ms.
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4.3.4 Summary and discussion As reg
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from the preaspiration noise itself
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Many instances of word-medial forti
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In the Gräsö dialect, the sonoran
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that the presence of a voiceless na
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of this type as well. Remarkably, t
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On the whole, the fortis vs. lenis
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120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120 100 80 60
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Icelandic listeners, even though th
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discussion of possible reasons for
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Table 4-16. The findings of Indrið
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these speakers will henceforth be r
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lenes are often produced with a voi
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Nasal + stop sequences in the Weste
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inte ‘not’ without the final vo
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ange for the remaining subjects is
Page 212 and 213: For word-medial contexts data are a
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Page 216 and 217: 4.6 Summary and conclusions The sur
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Page 230 and 231: Some Icelandic linguists seem to ha
Page 232 and 233: On a quite different note, Liberman
Page 234 and 235: dialect. With this in mind, Hansson
Page 236 and 237: (1997:114f), Iceland, the Faroes, J
Page 238 and 239: observed phonological distribution
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Page 242 and 243: higher degree of spectral tilt than
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Page 246 and 247: similar to that in CSw today. Some
Page 248 and 249: from t1 through t8, the productions
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Page 252 and 253: parameter such as VOT or F0, may th
Page 254 and 255: identity and paralinguistic informa
Page 256 and 257: —. 1974. “On the influence of N
Page 258 and 259: Gillies, William. 1993. “Scottish
Page 260 and 261: Johanson, Lars. 1998. “The histor
Page 264 and 265: —. 1995b. “Speaking rate, VOT a
Page 266 and 267: Stölten, Katrin. 2002. Dialektalit
Page 269: Department of Linguistics, Stockhol
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