Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Johanson, Lars. 1998. “The history of Turkic.” In L. Johanson & É.Á. Csató (eds), The Turkic Languages, pp. 81–125. London: Routledge. Jónsson, Baldur. 1982. “Um tvenns konar lt.” Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði 4: 87–115. Kacnel’son, Solomon D. 1966. Sravnitel’naja akcentologija germanskikh jazykov. Moskva/Leningrad: Nauka. Karsten, Anton. 1892. “Kökarsmålets ljud- och formlära.” Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 12(3). Kiparsky, Paul. 1988. “Phonological change.” In F.J. Newmeyer (ed.) Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. I, Linguistic Theory: Foundations, pp. 363–415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Klatt, Dennis & L. Klatt. 1990. “Analysis, synthesis, and perception of voice quality variations among female and male talkers.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 87: 820–857. Kolsrud, Sigurd. 1951. Nynorsken i sine målføre. Oslo: Dybwad. Korhonen, Mikko. 1973. “Kielopin pääkohdat.” In M. Korhonen, J. Mosnikoff & P. Sammalahti (eds), Koltansaamen opas, pp. 9–97. Castrenianumin toimitteita 4. Helsinki. —. 1981. Johdatus Lapin kielen historiaan. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Kortlandt, Frederik. 1978. “Proto-Indo-European obstruents.” Indogermanische Forschungen 83: 107–118. —. 1988. “Vestjysk stød, Icelandic preaspiration, and Proto-Indo-European glottalic stops.” In M.A. Jazayery & W. Winter (eds), Languages and Cultures. Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé, pp. 353–357. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Kylstra, Andries D. 1972. “Die Präaspiration im Westskandinavischen und im Lappischen.” Orbis 21: 367–82. Labov, William. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol 1, Internal Factors. Oxford: Blackwell. Lacerda, Francisco. 1987. Effects of Peripheral Auditory Adaptations on the Discrimination of Speech Sounds. PERILUS, vol. VI. Stockholm: Institute of Linguistics, University of Stockholm. Ladefoged, Peter, Jenny Ladefoged, Alice Turk, Kevin Hind & St. John Skilton. 1999. “Phonetic structures of Scottish Gaelic.” Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28: 1–41. Ladefoged, Peter & Ian Maddieson. 1996. The Sounds of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Laver, John. 1980. The Phonetic Description of Voice Quality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lehtisalo, Toivo V. 1947. Juraksamojedische Volksdichtung. Suomalaisugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia — Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 90. Helsinki. – 248 –
—. 1956. Juraksamojedisches Wörterbuch. Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 13. Helsinki. — (ed.) 1960. Samojedische Sprachmaterialen. Gesamm. von M. A. Castrén und T. Lehtisalo. Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia — Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 122. Liberman, Anatolij S. 1982. Germanic accentology. Vol. 1: The Scandinavian languages. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press. Liljencrants, Johan & Björn Lindblom. 1972. “Numerical simulation of vowel quality systems: The role of perceptual contrast.” Language 48: 839–862. Lindau, Mona. 1984. “Phonetic differences in glottalic consonants.” Journal of Phonetics 12: 147–155. Lindblom, Björn. 1986. “Phonetic universals in vowel systems.” In J.J. Ohala & J.J. Jeager (eds), Experimental Phonology, pp. 13–44. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. —. 1990. “Explaining phonetic variation: A sketch of the H&H Theory.” In W.J. Hardcastle & A. Marchal (eds), Speech Production and Speech Modelling, pp. 403–439. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Lindblom, Björn, Susan Guion, Susan Hura, Seung-Jae Moon & Raquel Willerman. 1995. “Is sound change adaptive.” Rivista di Linguistica 7(1): 5–37. Lindblom, Björn & Ian Maddieson. 1988. “Phonetic universals in consonant systems.” In L.M. Hyman & C.N. Li (eds), Language, Speech and Mind: Studies in Honor of Victoria Fromkin, pp. 62–80. London and New York: Routledge. Lindroth, Hjalmar. 1927. “Några anmärkningar om tenues i urgermanskan.” Festskrift til Hjalmar Falk, pp. 225–244. Oslo: Aschehoug & Co. Lisker, Leigh. 1978. Rapid vs. rabid: A catalogue of acoustic features that may cue the distinction. Status Report on Speech Research SR–54. New Haven, CT: Haskins Laboratories. Lisker, Leigh & Arthur S. Abramson. 1964. “A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustic measurements.” Word 20: 384–422. Löfqvist, Anders. 1976. “Closure duration and aspiration for Swedish stops.” Working papers of the Phonetics Laboratory, Lund University 13: 1–39. —. 1981. “Interarticulator programming in obstruent production.” Phonetica 38: 21–34. Löfqvist, Anders & Hirohide Yoshioka. 1980. “Laryngeal activity in Swedish obstruent clusters.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68(3): 792–801. Lundell, Johan August. 1879. “Det svenska landsmålsalfabetet, tillika en öfversikt af språkljudelns förekomst inom svenska mål.” Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 1(2). Lyttkens, Ivar Adolf. 1898. Svenska språkljud och akcenter : Kortfattad framställning enligt för svenska akad:ns ordbok antagna systemet. Lund: Gleerup. – 249 –
Page 1:
Preaspiration in the Nordic Languag
Page 4 and 5:
PhD dissertation November 2002 Depa
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........
Page 9:
4.4.4 Preaspiration duration — SW
Page 12 and 13:
the following pages. Thanks also to
Page 14 and 15:
ported, but these should only be ta
Page 16 and 17:
Finally, in Chapter 5, the patterns
Page 18 and 19:
lock (ibid:267; boldface mine). Wea
Page 20 and 21:
closure, decay time of the glottal
Page 23 and 24:
2 DEFINITION AND TYPOLOGY 2.1 Defin
Page 25 and 26:
and Finnish the word [lhti] ‘bay
Page 27 and 28:
turn into ChV sequences in which V
Page 29 and 30:
2.2 Linking preaspiration and sonor
Page 31 and 32:
The similarity in gestural organisa
Page 33 and 34:
The fact that both preaspiration an
Page 35 and 36:
have normative preaspiration, other
Page 37 and 38:
usually expressed as unaspirated an
Page 39 and 40:
while clusters have developed into
Page 41 and 42:
ted as voiceless unaspirated or pos
Page 43 and 44:
y a middle-aged male speaker. In bo
Page 45 and 46:
ut this is not true of the “stand
Page 47 and 48:
2.6 Auditory constraints and the ra
Page 49 and 50:
The second criticism of Bladon’s
Page 51 and 52:
in discharge rates in the auditory
Page 53:
number of languages that possess se
Page 56 and 57:
and Lappic (Finno-Ugric). It has be
Page 58 and 59:
For the sake of simplicity and luci
Page 60 and 61:
‘apple,’ [vh] vatnið ‘the wa
Page 62 and 63:
Table 3-1. Reflexes of Old Norse st
Page 64 and 65:
In the Northern dialect, V is sligh
Page 66 and 67:
Pind’s experiments as well as the
Page 68 and 69:
In Area 2, where Tórshavn is situa
Page 70 and 71:
in VC syllables in their speech, ju
Page 72 and 73:
Table 3-4. Reflexes of ON stops in
Page 74 and 75:
long vowel followed by a preaspirat
Page 76 and 77:
grams), with the occasional aid of
Page 78 and 79:
quantity system instead of the ON f
Page 80 and 81:
ON flytja). There are no examples o
Page 82 and 83:
Table 3-7. Reflexes of ON stops in
Page 84 and 85:
whether she thinks that leaving out
Page 86 and 87:
(Hede, Linsäll and Sveg) as well a
Page 88 and 89:
(VC vs. VC). For two pairs (/tak/ v
Page 90 and 91:
stop sequences that remain to be di
Page 92 and 93:
do occur systematic linguistic diff
Page 94 and 95:
Gräsö Forsmark Valö S W E D E N
Page 96 and 97:
There are very few examples of clus
Page 98 and 99:
Kökar, in the Åboland archipelago
Page 100 and 101:
one hand, speakers have a tendency
Page 102 and 103:
ecent studies that corroborate thes
Page 104 and 105:
example, in a particular dialect, t
Page 106 and 107:
does not give her segmentation crit
Page 108 and 109:
Scotland and Ireland 1 [hphthk] 2 [
Page 110 and 111:
approximately 140-150 ms in VC syll
Page 112 and 113:
1. South Saami (Southern & Ume Saam
Page 114 and 115:
1987a), Estonian (Engstrand & Krull
Page 116 and 117:
Table 3-13. Reflexes of ON postvoca
Page 118 and 119:
and Tórshavn Faroese data were eli
Page 120 and 121:
ducing breathiness into the voice q
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 4-3. An example of a sequenc
Page 124 and 125:
4.2 Central Standard Swedish (CSw)
Page 126 and 127:
very large, since postaspiration wa
Page 128 and 129:
Several spectrographic examples of
Page 130 and 131:
The data indicate that there is lit
Page 132 and 133:
produced and in 9 cases there were
Page 134 and 135:
To examine effects of syllable stru
Page 136 and 137:
preaspiration for lexically stresse
Page 138 and 139:
durations exceeding 120 ms, preaspi
Page 140 and 141:
mately 70 ms. Just before the stop
Page 142 and 143:
noise becomes audibly postalveolar
Page 144 and 145:
As regards nasal + fortis stop sequ
Page 146 and 147:
most of the remaining instances he
Page 148 and 149:
(comparable to our taverna type) ha
Page 150 and 151:
The CSw data have shown that word-i
Page 152 and 153:
golf ‘golf,’ in which the utter
Page 154 and 155:
o Figure 4-35. Subj. GT: […tv]
Page 156 and 157:
word-initial lenis stop preceded by
Page 158 and 159:
(i.e., short mVOffT and long mVOT).
Page 160 and 161:
make it easier to refer to stops in
Page 162 and 163:
[mh] ‘food’ is used, and for fu
Page 164 and 165:
clear stop correlate, 26 (7%) had a
Page 166 and 167:
All subjects considered, for lenis
Page 168 and 169:
Figure 4-45(a) plots preaspiration
Page 170 and 171:
cluster and 2 instances with a kt c
Page 172 and 173:
4.3.2.5 Postaspiration duration Ins
Page 174 and 175:
closure gesture. As the escape chan
Page 176 and 177:
fricative constriction cannot be at
Page 178 and 179:
is glottal during the first 50 ms.
Page 180 and 181:
4.3.4 Summary and discussion As reg
Page 182 and 183:
from the preaspiration noise itself
Page 184 and 185:
Many instances of word-medial forti
Page 186 and 187:
In the Gräsö dialect, the sonoran
Page 188 and 189:
that the presence of a voiceless na
Page 190 and 191:
of this type as well. Remarkably, t
Page 192 and 193:
On the whole, the fortis vs. lenis
Page 194 and 195:
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120 100 80 60
Page 196 and 197:
Icelandic listeners, even though th
Page 198 and 199:
discussion of possible reasons for
Page 200 and 201:
Table 4-16. The findings of Indrið
Page 202 and 203:
these speakers will henceforth be r
Page 204 and 205:
lenes are often produced with a voi
Page 206 and 207:
Nasal + stop sequences in the Weste
Page 208 and 209:
inte ‘not’ without the final vo
Page 210 and 211: ange for the remaining subjects is
Page 212 and 213: For word-medial contexts data are a
Page 214 and 215: instances may have preaspiration on
Page 216 and 217: 4.6 Summary and conclusions The sur
Page 218 and 219: that the ON word-initial lenes have
Page 220 and 221: dialect in the Åland archipelago.
Page 222 and 223: clear that ON m, n + p, t, k sequen
Page 224 and 225: gradual process rather than a leap
Page 226 and 227: stops that we find in, for example,
Page 228 and 229: oth found in V()C syllables, but ar
Page 230 and 231: Some Icelandic linguists seem to ha
Page 232 and 233: On a quite different note, Liberman
Page 234 and 235: dialect. With this in mind, Hansson
Page 236 and 237: (1997:114f), Iceland, the Faroes, J
Page 238 and 239: observed phonological distribution
Page 240 and 241: sense, preaspiration is linked more
Page 242 and 243: higher degree of spectral tilt than
Page 244 and 245: a failure to apply a process of per
Page 246 and 247: similar to that in CSw today. Some
Page 248 and 249: from t1 through t8, the productions
Page 250 and 251: ation, voiceless nasality before fo
Page 252 and 253: parameter such as VOT or F0, may th
Page 254 and 255: identity and paralinguistic informa
Page 256 and 257: —. 1974. “On the influence of N
Page 258 and 259: Gillies, William. 1993. “Scottish
Page 262 and 263: Lyttkens, Ivar Adolf & Fredrik Amad
Page 264 and 265: —. 1995b. “Speaking rate, VOT a
Page 266 and 267: Stölten, Katrin. 2002. Dialektalit
Page 269: Department of Linguistics, Stockhol
show all

Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?