Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic ...

produced and in 9 cases there were no identifiable correlates for the
vowel preceding the stop. Lastly, 5 cases were discarded for reasons such
as laughter, hesitation or external noise.
Table 4–4. Overview of the word-medial and word-final stop data analysed for
the four CSw subjects.
GT CK MP FS Total
Stop closure 107 237 357 259 960
Fricative 1 10 19 18 48
Incomplete stop 4 5 6 14 29
Incomplete vowel 0 1 6 2 9
Laughter etc. 1 1 1 2 5
Total 372 330 266 388 1051
There are no major differences between the subjects in their
tendency for producing fricatives, or for producing vowels or stops in
such a way that it becomes impossible to measure preaspiration duration.
Incidentally, it seems that these CSw speakers have much less of a
tendency to produce variants associated with hypo-speech (such as stops
without stop closures or vowels without oral aperture) than do speakers
of Faroese and Icelandic. The same tendency was also noted for the data
on CSw word-initial stops (see section 4.2.2.1 above).
4.2.3.2 Preaspiration duration
Table 4–5 gives the mean durations of vowel (V), preaspiration (Pr;
measured as mVOffT, cf. section 4.1.2), occlusion (O) and the combined
duration of the three (VPrO). In the last column, the number of instances
that had 5 ms or more of preaspiration (np) and the total number of instances
measured (n) are indicated. These measures are given for the
word types båten, vatten, att and norrut. Measures for the word type mot
are not included, since these occurred infrequently and do not yield
meaningful statistics in most cases.
In terms of mean durations, the male subject, MP, generally has
shorter durations than do the three female subjects. For example, considering
VPrO durations for vatten type words, MP’s mean duration is 152
ms, while it ranges from 220 to 230 ms for the remaining subjects. For
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