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antimuscle actin primary antibody 64 antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCAs)
primitive animals. Antimicrobial peptides in plants include
defensins, thionins, and phytoalexins.
antimuscle actin primary antibody
A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone HUC1-1) directed
against an actin epitope found on muscle actin isoforms. It
may be used to aid in the identification of cells of myocytic
lineage and is intended for qualitative staining in sections of
formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Antimuscle actin
antibody specifically binds to antigens located in the cytoplasmic
regions of normal muscle cells. Unexpected antigen
expression or loss of expression may occur, especially in
neoplasm. Occasionally, stromal elements surrounding heavily
stained tissue and/or cells will show immunoreactivity.
Clinical interpretation must be complemented by morphological
studies and the evaluation of appropriate controls.
antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies
Antibodies associated with demyelinating neuropathy, which
is a slowly progressive distal and symmetrical sensory or sensorimotor
neuropathy involving both arms and legs; intention
tremor may be present. Spinal fluid protein is often increased
but cells are absent. There is demyelination and occasional
axonal degeneration. Monoclonal anti-MAG and complement
deposits have been found on the myelin sheaths. Selected
nerves may show widening of the myelin lamellae. Most
patients have a monoclonal gammopathy of the immunoglobulin
M (IgM) type. The monoclonal IgM causes the neuropathy.
antimyocardial antibodies (AmyAs)
These antibodies occur in elevated titers in two thirds
of coronary artery bypass patients and do not have to be
related to postcardiotomy syndrome. They are also found in
a majority of acute rheumatic fever patients.
ANCA.
Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA). Formalin fixation.
ANCA.
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A heterogeneous group of autoantibodies specific for
constituents of neutrophilic granulocytes. They are valuable
serological markers for the diagnostic and therapeutic
management of patients with systemic vasculitides such as
Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis,
in which they recognize well defined cytoplasmic antigens
such as proteinase III and myeloperoxidase. Two well
established ANCA staining patterns can be distinguished
on ethanol-fixed neutrophils: a diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescent
pattern (cANCA) and a fine homogeneous labeling of
the perinuclear cytoplasm (pANCA). cANCA and classic
pANCA in systemic vasculitides are autoantibodies specific
for cytoplasmic antigens present in azurophils and specific
granules of neutrophils. By contrast, atypical pANCAs in
inflammatory bowel disease and hepatobiliary disorders do
not react with cytoplasmic structures. Their fluorescence
pattern, revealed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy,
is characterized by a broad inhomogeneous labeling
of the nuclear periphery together with multiple intranuclear
fluorescent foci. This antibody is assayed by flow cytometry
and indirect fluorescence microscopy. HIV-1 infected
patients may be biologically false-positive for neutrophil
cytoplasmic antibody.
pANCA.
antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCAs)
Autoantibodies that recognize neutrophil myeloperoxidase;
50 to 80% of patients with ulcerative colitis express