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anti-La-SS-B autoantibodies 63 antimicrobial peptides
anti-La-SS-B autoantibodies
Autoantibodies found in Sjögren’s syndrome and systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). The La-SS-B antigen is a
47-kDa ribonucleic protein associated with a spectrum of
small RNAs. Ls-SS-B is readily susceptible to proteolysis,
resulting in many smaller (42-, 32-, and 27-kDa) but
still immunoreactive polypeptides. The La-SS-B antigen
primarily resides in the nucleus and is associated with RNA
polymerase III transcripts. It shows strong conservation
across species. The presence of autoantibodies against the
La-SS-B antigen has been advocated as a diagnostic aid in
patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoantibodies against
La-SS-B are also commonly found in SLE and subacute
cutaneous lupus. There is a correlation between anti-La-
SS-B and the absence of nephritis in SLE patients. SLE
patients with precipitating anti-Ro-SS-A antibodies have
a high incidence of serious nephritis (53%), while those
with both anti-Ro-SS-A and anti-La/SS-B have a low (9%)
frequency of nephritis.
anti-LN1 antibody
A mouse monoclonal antibody against a sialoglycan antigen
(CDw75) on cell membranes. In lymphoid tissues, the
antibody reacts strongly with the B lymphocytes in the
germinal centers but only faintly with B lymphocytes of the
mantle zone. No reaction is observed with T lymphocytes.
LN1 also reacts with certain epithelial cells, including cells
of the distal renal tubules, breast, bronchus, and prostate.
anti-low molecular weight cytokeratin
A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope
found on human cytokeratins. It may be used to aid in the
identification of cells of epithelial lineage. The antibodies
are intended for qualitative staining in sections of formalinfixed,
paraffin-embedded tissue. Antikeratin primary
antibody specifically binds to antigens located in the cytoplasmic
regions of normal epithelial cells. Unexpected antigen
expression or loss of expression may occur, especially
in neoplasm. Occasionally, stromal elements surrounding
heavily stained tissue and/or cells will show apparent
immunoreactivity. The clinical interpretation of any staining
or its absence must be complemented by morphological
studies and evaluation of proper controls.
Lymphocyte
Antilymphocyte globulin.
Antilymphocyte
globulin (ALG)
Cell surface
antilymphocyte serum (ALS) or antilymphocyte
globulin (ALG)
An antiserum prepared by immunizing one species such as
a rabbit or horse with lymphocytes or thymocytes from a
different species such as a human. Antibodies present in this
antiserum combine with T cells and other lymphocytes in
the circulation to induce immunosuppression. ALS is used
in organ transplant recipients to suppress graft rejection.
The globulin fraction known as ALG rather than whole
antiserum produces the same immunosuppressive effect.
antimalignin antibodies
Antibodies specific for the 10-kDa protein malignin comprised
of 89 amino acids. These antibodies are claimed to
be increased in cancer patients without respect to tumor cell
type. It has been further claimed that antibody levels are
related to survival. These claims require additional confirmation
and proof to be accepted as facts.
HMB-45. Melanoma in lymph node.
antimelanoma primary antibody
A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone HMB-45) raised
against an extract of pigmented melanoma metastases
from lymph nodes directed against a glycoconjugate
present in immature melanosomes. This antibody may be
used to aid in the identification of cells of melanocytic
lineage. It is used for qualitative staining in sections of
formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and binds specifically
to antigens located on immature melanosomes.
Unexpected antigen expression or loss of expression may
occur, especially in neoplasms. Clinical interpretation
must be complemented by morphological studies and
evaluation of proper controls.
antimetabolite
A drug that interrupts the normal intracellular processes
of metabolism, such as those essential to mitosis.
Antimetabolite drugs such as azathioprine, mercaptopurine,
and methotrexate induce immunosuppression in organ
transplant recipients and diminish autoimmune reactivity in
patients with selected autoimmune diseases.
antimicrobial peptides
Small peptides that injure bacteria or fungi by rendering
their cell walls permeable. Mammalian keratinocytes, or
intestinal epithelial cells under pathogen attack, produce
these peptides and some can be identified in neutrophil
granules. These peptides include defensins and cathelicidins.
Magainins, attacins, agglutinins, cecropins, and
drosomycin represent microbial peptides in lower and
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