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Rosalyn Sussman Yalow.
Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman (1921–):
American investigator who shared the 1977 Nobel Prize
with Guillemin and Schally for endocrinology research and
perfection of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. With
Berson, Yalow made an important discovery of the role
of antibodies in insulin-resistant diabetes. Her technique
provided a test to estimate nanogram or picogram quantities
Y
of various types of hormones and biologically active molecules,
thereby advancing basic and clinical research.
Y cell
See XYZ cell theory.
yellow fever vaccine
An immunizing preparation that contains a live attenuated
strain of yellow fever virus that protects against this
mosquito-borne tropical, viral, hemorrhagic fever; a lyophilized
attenuated vaccine prepared from the 17D strain of
live attenuated yellow fever virus grown in chick embryos.
A single injection may confer immunity that persists for a
decade.
yellowjacket venom
A hymenopteran insect (bee, wasp, ant) toxin that may
induce anaphylactic shock (type I hypersensitivity), possibly
leading to death, in victims of insect bites. The release of
vasoactive amines may lead to urticaria, tightness in the
chest, chills, fever, and even cardiovascular collapse.
Yersinia immunity
Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses develop
in yersiniosis. The antibody is directed mainly to lipopolysaccharide.
Antibodies in patients with Yersinia infection
are specific for numerous epitopes. The antibodies persist
for months and in some cases even years. Reactive arthritis,
a frequent postinfection complication, is strongly associated
with HLA-B27 antigen. The immune response against
the infectious agents is believed to have a significant role in
the pathogenesis of Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. No
effective vaccine is available for Yersinia infection.
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