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anti-human prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP) 62 anti-Ku autoantibodies
anti-human prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP)
A rabbit antibody that reacts with prostatic ductal epithelial
cells—normal, benign hypertrophic, and neoplastic. It
labels the cytoplasm of prostatic epithelium, secretions, and
concretions.
anti-human synaptophysin antibody
A rabbit antibody that reacts with a wide spectrum of
neuroendocrine neoplasms of neural type including neuroblastomas,
ganglioneuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas,
pheochromocytomas, and chromaffin and nonchromaffin
paragangliomas. The antibody also labels neuroendocrine
neoplasms of epithelial type including pituitary adenomas,
islet cell neoplasms, medullary thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid
adenomas, carcinoids of the bronchopulmonary and
gastrointestinal tracts, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the
bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts, and neuroendocrine
carcinomas of the skin.
anti-human thyroglobulin antibody
A rabbit antibody that reacts with human thyroglobulin. It
labels the cytoplasm of normal and neoplastic thyroid follicle
cells. Some staining of colloid may also be observed.
anti-human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A rabbit antibody used for the immunochemical detection
of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in thyrotrophic cells
and in certain pituitary tumors.
anti-I antibodies
Antibodies against the I blood group antigen that is present
in the majority of adult red blood cells in humans. The I/i
antigens are present in the subterminal portions of oligosaccharides
that are ultimately converted to H and A or B
antigens. I and i configurations are present on membraneassociated
glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. The
heterogeneity observed with different anti-I antisera may
reflect the recognition of different parts of the branched
oligosaccharide chain. Fetal erythrocytes contain abundant
i antigen but few branched oligosaccharides and little
I antigen. The I antigen develops during the first 2 years
of life, with simultaneous loss of i. Anti-I is a common
autoantibody, frequently present as a cold-reacting agglutinin.
Anti-I is of pathologic significance in many cases of
coronary heart disease (CHD) when it acts as a complement-binding
monoclonal antibody. Auto-anti-I is of less
significance in cold hemagglutinin disease than is anti-I.
Thus, anti-I acting as a cold agglutinin may be detected as
an autoantibody in a number of cases of cold antibody-type
hemolytic anemia and in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infection.
anti-idiotypic antibody
An antibody that interacts with antigenic determinants
(idiotopes) at the variable N termini of the heavy and light
chains comprising the paratope region of an antibody molecule
where the antigen-binding site is located. The idiotope
antigenic determinants may be situated either within the cleft
of the antigen-binding region or on the periphery or outer edge
of the variable regions of heavy and light chain components.
anti-idiotypic vaccine
An immunizing preparation of anti-idiotypic antibodies
that are internal images of certain exogenous antigens.
To develop an effective anti-idiotypic vaccine, epitopes of
an infectious agent that induce protective immunity must
be identified. Antibodies must be identified that confer
passive immunity to this agent. An anti-idiotypic antibody
prepared using these protective antibodies as the immunogen
can in some instances be used as an effective vaccine.
Anti-idiotypic vaccines have effectively induced protective
immunity against such viruses as rabies, coronavirus,
cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B; such bacteria as Listeria
monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus
pneumoniae; and such parasites as Schistosoma mansoni
infections. Anti-idiotypic vaccination is especially desirable
when a recombinant vaccine is not feasible. Monoclonal
anti-idiotypic vaccines represent uniform and reproducible
sources for immunizing preparations.
anti-immunoglobulin antibodies
Antibodies specific for immunoglobulin constant domains,
which renders them useful for detection of bound antibody
molecules in immunoassays. Anti-isotype antibodies are
synthesized in different species; anti-allotype antibodies
are made in the same species against allotypic variants;
and anti-idiotype antibodies are induced against a single
antibody molecule’s unique determinants.
anti-intrinsic factor autoantibodies
Antibodies against the intrinsic factor glycoprotein, with a
molecular weight of 44 kDa. Intrinsic factor binds vitamin
B 12. Radioimmunoassay can detect two separate antibodies:
one that reacts with the binding site for vitamin B 12, thereby
blocking the subsequent binding of intrinsic factor with the
vitamin, and another that reacts with an antigenic determinant
remote from this site.
anti-isotypic antibodies
Antibodies generated in one species specific for antigenic
determinants found only on one immunoglobulin isotype of
a different species, e.g., goat anti-human IgM antibodies.
anti-Jo-1
Antibodies against tRNA synthetases occur frequently in
polymyositis patients. Anti-Jo-1, the best known of this group,
is present in 35% of adult polymyositis patients. The antibody
is specific for the 54-kDa histidyl– tRNA synthetase.
anti-Ki-67 (MIB)
A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki-67
nuclear antigen. It may be used to aid in the identification
of proliferating cells in normal and neoplastic cell populations.
It is intended for qualitative staining in sections of
formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (some form of
antigen enhancement is required for paraffin-embedded
samples), frozen tissue and cytologic preparations. Ki-67
antibody specifically binds to nuclear antigen(s) associated
with cell proliferation which is present throughout
the active cell cycle (G 1, S, G 2, and M phases) but absent
in resting (G 0) cells. Unexpected antigen expression or
loss of expression may occur, especially in neoplasms.
Occasionally stromal elements surrounding heavily
stained tissues and or cells will show immunoreactivity.
The clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence
must be complemented by morphological studies and
evaluation of proper controls.
anti-Ku autoantibodies
A myositis-associated autoantibody that occurs in a few (5
to 12%) Japanese patients with overlap syndrome. These
antibodies are specific for 70- and 80-kDa DNA-binding
proteins that represent the Ku antigen. They have also been
found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
pure dermatomyositis, pure scleroderma, thyroid disease,
and Sjögren’s syndrome.