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vascular permeability factors 738 Vaughn, Victor Clarence
NH 2
vascular permeability factors
Substances such as serotonins, histamines, kinins, and
leukotrienes that increase spaces between cells of capillaries
and small vessels, facilitating losses of protein and cells
into the extravascular fluid.
vasculitis
Inflammation of the wall of a blood vessel that may be
accompanied by necrosis. Vasculitis with an immunologic
basis is often associated with immune complex disease,
in which deposition of complement-fixing microprecipitates
in the vessel wall may attract polymorphonuclear
neutrophils and lead to tissue injury associated with acute
inflammation.
vasectomy
Vasectomy causes autoimmunity to spermatozoa antigens
in various species including monkeys, guinea pigs, rabbits,
and mice. Autoimmune responses to spermatozoa in
vasectomized men led to concerns about the safety of the
procedure. Cohort investigations of vasectomized men
established vasectomy as a safe contraceptive procedure
even though the mechanisms of vasectomy-induced autoimmunity
remain elusive. Animal studies have revealed that
autosensitization to spermatozoal autoantigens can occur
without the use of adjuvants or other agents or processes
designated as “dangerous” agents.
S
S
S
S
C2
S
S C2
S
C2
S
S S
C2
S
S
CHO-N
S
C2
S
CHO-N
S
C2
S
S
C2
S
19aa
N-CHO
N-CHO
N-CHO
N-CHO
NH 2
S S
C2
S
28aa
VCAM-1/CD106 ICAM-1/CD54
S
S N-CHO
C2
N-CHO
S
CHO-N
S
C2
S
N-CHO
S
C2
S
CHO-N
S
CHO-N
S S
C2
S
NH2 CHO-N
S
C2
S
CHO-N
S
C2
S
CHO-N
CHO-N
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1).
S
C2
S
117aa
PECAM-1/CD31
N-CHO
S
C2 N-CHO
S
S
S
C2 N-CHO
S
S
S
C2 N-CHO
S
vasoactive amines
Amino group-containing substances that include histamine
and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) induce vasodilation
of the peripheral vasculature and increase the permeability
of capillaries and small vessels. This promotes the influx of
inflammatory leukocytes into tissues.
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
A 28-residue neuropeptide member of the secretin–glycogen
group of molecules found in nerve fibers of blood
vessels, smooth muscles, and upper respiratory tract glands.
It activates adenylate cyclase and produces vasodilatation
and increases cardiac output, glycogenolysis, and bronchodilation
while preventing release of macromolecules from
mucus-secreting glands. VIP may be increased in pancreatic
islet G cell tumors. A deficiency of VIP aggravates bronchial
asthma; asthmatic patients usually do not have VIP.
vasoconstriction
Diminished blood flow as a consequence of contraction of
precapillary arterioles.
vasodilatation
Increased blood flow through capillaries as a consequence
of precapillary arteriolar dilatation.
Vaughn, Victor Clarence
A professor at the University of Michigan who championed the
cause of laboratory researchers as vital to the interdisciplinary
goals of the American Association of Immunologists.