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V28
An orphan chemokine receptor expressed in neural and
lymphoid tissue and on the THP-1 cell line. The tissue
sources are peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
vaccinable
Capable of being vaccinated successfully.
vaccinate
To inoculate with a vaccine to induce immunity against a
disease.
vaccination
Immunization against infectious disease through the
administration of vaccines that produce active (protective)
immunity in humans and other animals. It may be
induced with killed, attenuated, or nonpathogenic forms
of a pathogenic agent or its antigens to generate protective
adaptive immune responses characterized by antigenspecific
memory T cells and memory B cells specific for the
pathogen. Subsequent exposure to the pathogen will then
induce a secondary or anamnestic response.
vaccine
Live attenuated or killed microorganisms, or their parts
or products containing antigens, that stimulate a specific
immune response consisting of protective antibodies and
T cell immunity. A vaccine should stimulate a sufficient
number of memory T and B lymphocytes to yield effector T
cells and antibody-producing B cells. It should also be able to
stimulate high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Injection of a
vaccine into a nonimmune subject induces active immunity
against the modified pathogen. Other than macromolecular
components, a vaccine may consist of a plasmid that contains
a cDNA encoding an antigen of a microorganism. Other vaccines
include anti-insect vector vaccines, fertility control vaccines,
peptide-based preparations, anti-idiotype preparations,
and DNA vaccines. No antiparasite vaccine manufactured
by conventional technology is in use at present. Vaccines
Lymphatic
system
Vaccination
Lymph node
Antigens
Release of sensitized
lymphocytes into circulation
V
Delayed skin reaction
Venule
Vaccination against smallpox.
may be prepared from weakened or killed microorganisms,
inactivated toxins, toxoids derived from microorganisms, or
immunologically active surface markers of microorganisms.
They can be administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously,
intradermally, orally, or intranasally, as single agents or in
combination. An ideal vaccine should be effective, well tolerated,
easy and inexpensive to produce, easy to administer,
and convenient to store. Vaccine side effects include fever,
muscle aches, and injection site pain and are usually mild.
Reportable adverse reactions to vaccines include anaphylaxis,
shock, seizures, active infection, and death.
vaccine extraimmunization
The administration of excessive or repeated doses of a
vaccine to children or adults—usually a consequence of
poor recordkeeping.
vaccinia
A cowpox-derived virus known as Poxvirus officinale used
to induce active immunity against smallpox through vaccination.
It differs from cowpox and smallpox viruses in
minor antigens.
vaccinia gangrenosa
Chronic progressive vaccinia.
vaccinia immune globulin
Hyperimmune γ globulin used to treat dermal complications
of smallpox vaccination such as eczema vaccinatum
and progressive vaccinia. It is no longer used because
smallpox has been eradicated.
vaccinia virus
Refer to vaccinia.
vaginal mucus agglutination test
An assay for antibodies in bovine vaginal mucus from
animals infected with Campylobacter fetus, Trichomonas
fetus, and Brucella abortus. The mucus can be used in
the same manner as serum for slide or tube agglutination
employing the etiologic microorganisms as antigens.
“Take”
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