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typhus vaccination 729 tyrosine kinase
(a)
(b)
CD8 +
T-cell
CD8
molecule
Sensitization phase
Intracellular
bacteria
Macrophage
Effector phase
Sensitized
T DTH
Cytokine/
chemokine
release
CD4 +
T-helper cell
CD4 molecule
Class I
Antigen
MHC molecule
Antigen
Class II
MHC molecule
Target cell
(virus infected)
TCR
Intracellular
bacteria
Macrophage
(resting)
6-month old children and is divided into two doses spaced
4 weeks apart. It is effective 55 to 75% of the time and lasts
3 years.
typhus vaccination
Protective immunization against typhus transmitted by lice or
fleas and Rocky Mountain spotted fever by the administration
of inactivated vaccines. Rickettsiae prepared in chick embryo
yolk sacs or tissues are treated with formaldehyde to render
them inactive. Rather than provide protective immunity to
prevent the disease, these vaccines condition the host to experience
a milder form than occurs in a nonvaccinated host.
CD4 + Mediated
Perforin
release
CD8 + mediated
T DTH cells
Class II
MHC molecule
Macrophage
(activated)
Type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity. (a) Skin tuberculin reactivity mediated by CD4 + helper/inducer T cells represents a form of bacterial allergy. (b)
Cytotoxic action of CD8 + T cells against a virus-infected target that presents antigen via class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to its
T cell receptor (TCR), resulting in the release of perforin and granzyme molecules that lead to target cell lysis. TNF = tumor necrosis factor.
TNF
receptor
Lysis
typhus vaccine
An immunizing preparation that contains killed rickettsiae
microorganisms of a strain or strains of epidemic
typhus rickettsiae.
tyrosine kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates proteins on tyrosine residues.
Enzymes of this family play a critical role in T and B
cell activation. Lck, Fyn, and ZAP-70 are the principal
tyrosine kinases critical for T cell activation. Blk, Fyn, Lyn,
and Syk are the main tyrosine kinases critical for B cell
activation.
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