Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

tunicates 724 type I anaphylactic hypersensitivity
dUTP–biotin nick end labeling, TUNEL). For example,
following TdT labeling, biotinylated nucleotides may be
detected with a chromogenic or fluorometric-conjugated
streptavidin, or brominated nucleotides may be detected
with a highly sensitive, biotinylated anti-BrdU antibody and
chromogenic-conjugated streptavidin.
tunicates
Tunicates, including the sea-squirt Amphioxus, manifest
hemopoietic cells that are self-renewing, lymphoid-type
cells and a single MHC that governs rejection of foreign
grafts.
Light source
Methylcholanthrene
(MCA)
Ag-Ab complexes
in suspension
Turbidimetry.
Normal
genetically
identical cells
Detection device
turbidimetry
Quantification of a substance in suspension based on the ability
of the suspension to reduce forward light transmission.
Tween ®
A nonionic detergent.
Tween 80 ®
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; an emulsifying agent
used in cultures of mycobacteria and in water-in-oil-inwater
emulsion adjuvants as a stabilizing agent.
twelve/twenty-three rule (12/23 rule)
Immunoglobulin or T cell-receptor gene segments can be
joined only if one has a recognition signal sequence with
a 12-base-pair spacer and the other has a 23-base-pair
spacer. V(D)J recombination takes place only between gene
segments whose apposition unites a 12-recognition signal
sequence with a 23-recognition signal sequence. RAG
recombinases only recognize gene segments with pairing of
opposing types of these sequences.
Tumorous
cells
TSTA
TSTA
TSTA
Induces
sarcoma
leukemia, or
carcinoma
Each genetically identical cell develops unique antigenic specificity to MCA.
Tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAs).
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
A technique to separate proteins by isoelectric focusing in
one dimension, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate– polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a slab gel at
right angles to the first dimension. Large numbers of distinct
proteins can be separated and identified by this technique.
two-signal hypothesis
The concept that lymphocyte activation requires two separate
signals, the first mediated by antigen and the second
by microbial products or constituents of the natural or
innate immune response to microorganisms. The first signal
mediated by antigen guarantees that the immune response
will be specific. The second known as costimulation and
induced by microorganisms or innate immune responses
ensures that immune responses are induced when required,
for example, defending against microorganisms or other
offending agents but not against self antigens or harmless
components. The second costimulatory signal is frequently
mediated by professional antigen-presenting cell membrane
molecules including B7 proteins.
Antigen
presenting cell
MCH class
II molecule
T cell
receptor
(TCR)
T Helper
cell
Mast cell
Antigen
B cell
Antigen
Immune complex
(IgE and Antigen)
Histamine
release
Effects:
Vasodilatation
IgE antibody
production
Vasodilatation
Intercellular
space
Events that follow degranulation of mast cells in tissues. Vasodilatation of
capillaries is followed by changes associated with type I hypersensitivity
reactions.
type I anaphylactic hypersensitivity
A hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin
E (IgE) antibodies reactive with specific allergens (antigens