Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

systemic lupus erythematosus, animal models 677 systemic type III hypersensitivity
involvement that may take several forms; diffuse proliferative
glomerulonephritis is the most serious. Subendothelial
immune deposits in the kidneys are typical and may exhibit
a “wire-loop” appearance to a thickened basement membrane.
In the skin, immunofluorescence can demonstrate
deposition of immune complexes and complement at the
dermal–epidermal junction. Immune deposits in the skin
are especially prominent in sun-exposed areas. Joints may
be involved, but the synovitis is nonerosive. Typical female
patients have butterfly rashes over the bridges of their noses
along with fever and pain in peripheral joints. However,
the presenting complaints vary widely. Patients may have
central nervous system involvement, pericarditis, or other
serosal cavity inflammation. Pericarditis may be present
along with involvement of the myocardium or cardiac
valves to produce Libman–Sacks endocarditis. Splenic
enlargement, pleuritis, and pleural effusion or interstitial
pneumonitis, and other organ or system involvement may be
observed. Patients may also develop antiphospholipid antibodies
called lupus anticoagulants. They may be associated
with a false-positive VDRL (Venereal Disease Research
Laboratory) test for syphilis. A drug such as hydrazaline
may induce a lupus-like syndrome; however, the antinuclear
antibodies produced in drug-induced lupus are often specific
for histones, a finding not commonly found in classic
SLE. Lupus erythematosus induced by drugs remits when
the drug is removed. Discoid lupus is a form limited to the
skin. Corticosteroids have proven very effective in suppressing
immune reactivity in SLE. In more severe cases,
cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil,
and azathioprine have been used. Refer to LE cell.
systemic lupus erythematosus, animal models
The main lupus models include inbred murine strains. They
are best suited for investigation because their serologic, cellular,
and histopathologic characteristics closely resemble
those of the corresponding human disease. The three
principal types of lupus-prone mice include New Zealand
(NZB, NZW, and their F1 hybrid), BXSB, and MRL mice.
In addition, single autosomal-recessive mutations termed
gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) and lprcg
(lpr-complementing gene) have been described.
Systemic sclerosis.
systemic sclerosis
Refer to progressive systemic sclerosis.
systemic type III hypersensitivity
Refer to type III hypersensitivity.
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