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synthetic polypeptide antigens 675 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Arthritis
Fever
Butterfly rash
Pleurisy
Pericarditis
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Glomerulonephritis
Lymphadenopathy
size is less critical with synthetic antigens than with natural
antigens. Thus, molecules as small as those of p-azobenzenearsonate
coupled to three L-lysine residues (750 kDa
molecular weight) or even of p-azobenzenearsonate-Nacetyl-L-tyrosine
(451 kDa) may be immunogenic. Specific
antibodies are markedly stereospecific, and no cross reaction
occurs (e.g., between poly-D-alanyl and poly-L-alanyl
determinants). Studies employing synthetic antigens demonstrated
the significance of aromatic charged amino acid
residues in proving the ability of synthetic polypeptides to
induce immune responses.
synthetic polypeptide antigens
Antigens having a backbone consisting of amino acids that
usually include lysine. Side chains of different amino acids
are attached directly to the backbone and then elongated
with a homopolymer or attached via the homopolymer.
They have contributed much to our knowledge of epitope
structure and function. They have well defined specificities
determined by the arrangement, number, and nature of the
amino acid components. They may be made more complex
by further coupling to haptens or derivatized with various
compounds. The size of the molecule is less critical with
synthetic antigens than with natural antigens. Molecules as
small as p-azobenzenearsonate coupled to three L-lysine
residues (750 molecular weight) or p-azobenzenearsonate-
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (451 M.W.) may be immunogenic.
Specific antibodies are markedly stereospecific, and no
cross reaction occurs, for example, between poly-D-alanyl
and poly-L-alanyl determinants. Studies employing synthetic
antigens demonstrated the significance of aromatic
charged amino acid residues in proving the ability of synthetic
polypeptides to induce immune responses.
synthetic vaccines
Substances used for prophylactic immunization against
infectious disease prepared by artificial techniques such as
DNA cloning or peptide synthesis.
systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
An immune state of a plant that enables it to resist attack
by a broad range of pathogens. Elevated concentrations of
nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid, and pathogenesis-related
(PR) proteins mediate SAR.
systemic anaphylaxis
Type I immediate anaphylactic hypersensitivity mediated by
immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies anchored to mast cells
that become cross linked by homologous antigen (allergen),
causing release of the pharmacological mediators of immediate
hypersensitivity and producing lesions in multiple organs
and tissue sites. This is in contrast to local anaphylaxis in
which effects are produced in isolated anatomical locations.
The intravenous administration of a serum product, antibiotic,
or other substance against which the patient has anaphylactic
IgE-type hypersensitivity may lead to the symptoms of
systemic anaphylaxis within seconds and prove lethal.
systemic autoimmune disease
Refer to systemic autoimmunity.
systemic autoimmunity
The formation of antibodies specific for self constituents
leading to type III hypersensitivity in which immune
complexes are deposited in tissues, leading to pathological
sequelae. The prototype for systemic autoimmune disease is
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in which autoantibodies
specific for DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with
nucleic acids form immune complexes deposited in small
blood vessels, fix complement, and incite inflammation,
leading to vascular injury.
systemic immunoblastic proliferation
A condition characterized by gene translocation and
immature lymphocyte proliferation. Patients manifest rash,
dyspnea, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy and
show increased incidence of immunoblastic lymphoma.
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
The systemic effects of disseminated bacterial infection.
Mild and severe forms have been described. The mild form
is characterized by fever, neutrophilia, and an increase in
acute phase reactants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other
bacterial products may stimulate these changes that are
mediated by innate immune system cytokines. Severe SIRS
is characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation,
adult respiratory distress syndrome, and septic shock.
Lupus band test.
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