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SXY-CIITA regulatory system 674 synthetic antigen
for V region gene translocation in the process of switching
gene expression from one immunoglobulin heavy chain
class to another. Numerous switch sites exist for each gene
encoding the C region.
SXY-CIITA regulatory system
Regulates MHC class I and II molecule expression. SXY
controls promoters of genes governing expression of MHC
class I and II molecules. SXY permits construction of the
RFS/X2BP/NF-Y endosome on the promoter. CIITA (class
II transactivator) serves as a transcription factor uniting
with the RFX/X2BP/NF-Y complex.
Syk PTK
A 72-kDa phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK) found on B cells
and myeloid cells that is homologous to the ZAP-70 PTK
found on T cells and NK cells. Syk and ZAP-70 play roles
in the functions of distinct antigen receptors.
sympathetic nervous system autoantibodies
Complement-fixing sympathetic ganglia (CF-SG)
autoantibodies and complement-fixing adrenal medullary
(CF-ADM) autoantibodies present in some prediabetic
and insulin-dependent diabetic patients are
associated with decreased catecholamine response.
Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM) may manifest CF autoantibodies against vagus
nerve that correlate with the presence of CF-SG and
CF-ADM autoantibodies. CF-V autoantibodies (parasympathetic
nervous system autoantibodies) may also be
found in patients with IDDM, but their clinical significance
remains to be determined.
sympathetic ophthalmia
Uveal inflammation of a healthy uninjured eye in an individual
who sustains a perforating injury to the other eye. The
uveal tract reveals an infiltrate of lymphocytes and epithelioid
cells and granuloma formation occurs. The mechanism
suggested is autoimmunity expressed as T lymphocytemediated
immune reactivity against previously sequestered
antigens released from the patient’s other (injured) eye.
Synaptophysin⎯pancreas.
synaptophysin
A neuroendocrine differentiation marker detectable by the
immunoperoxidase technique used in surgical pathologic
diagnosis. Tumors in which it is produced include ganglioneuroblastoma,
neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma,
pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the
thyroid, carcinoid, and tumors of the endocrine pancreas.
syncytia formation
The generation of large multinucleated structures created
by the fusion of a large number of uninfected cells by a
virus infected cell.
synergism
Mutual assistance, e.g, the finding that the combined effect of
two cytokines is greater than the action of either one alone.
syngeneic
Implication of genetic identity between identical human
twins or among members of inbred strains of mice and other
species. The term is used principally to refer to transplants
between genetically identical members of a species. Syngeneic
individuals possess the same alleles at all genetic loci.
syngeneic preference
The better growth of neoplasms when they are transplanted
to histocompatible recipients than when they are
transplanted in histoincompatible recipients. Refer also to
allogeneic inhibition.
syngraft
A transplant from one individual to another within the same
strain; also called isograft.
Martin J. Synnott.
Synnott, Martin J.
In 1912, Synott developed the idea for the formation of
a Society of Vaccine Therapists that later became the
American Association of Immunologists.
synthetic antigen
An antigen derived exclusively by laboratory synthesis
and not obtained from living cells. Synthetic polypeptide
antigens have backbones consisting of amino acids that
usually include lysine. Side chains of different amino acids
are attached directly to the backbone and are then elongated
with a homopolymer or conversely attached via the
homopolymer. They have contributed much to our knowledge
of epitope structure and function. They have well
defined specificities determined by arrangement, number,
and nature of amino acid components of the molecule, and
they may be made more complex by further coupling to
haptens or derivatized with various compounds. Molecule