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SS-A/Ro antibodies 667 stem cells
SS-B autoantibodies.
SS-A/Ro antibodies
Antibodies against SS-A/Ro antigen, which consists of
60-kDa and 52-kDa polypeptides associated with Ro RNAs.
They may be demonstrated by immunodiffusion in the sera
of 35% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and
60% of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome.
SS-B
An anti-RNA antibody detectable in patients with Sjögren’s
syndrome and other connective tissue (rheumatic) diseases.
SS-B/La
An antigen in the cytoplasm to which patients with
Sjögren’s syndrome and lupus erythematosus form antibodies.
Anti-SS-B antibodies may portend a better prognosis in
patients with lupus erythematosus.
SS-B/La antibodies
Antibodies to SS-B/La antigen, a 48-kDa nucleoplasmic
phosphoprotein associated with selected Ro small RNA
(Ro hY1–hY5). These antibodies may be demonstrated by
enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in Sjögren’s syndrome that is
primary or secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or in systemic
lupus erythematosus.
SSPE
Abbreviation for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Ss protein
A hemolytically active substance encoded by the murine
complement locus C4B.
SSS III
One of more than 70 types of specific soluble substances
comprising the polysaccharide in capsules of Streptococcus
pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus. It was
used extensively by Michael Heidelberger and associates to
perfect the quantitative precipitation reaction.
staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs)
Bacterial cell constituents that cause food poisoning and
activate numerous T lymphocytes by binding to major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules
and the Vβ domains of selected T cell receptors, thus
qualifying staphylococcal enterotoxins to be classified as
superantigens.
staphylococcal protein A
A substance derived from the cell walls of Staphylococcus
aureus that interacts with IgG 1, IgG 2, and IgG 4 subclasses.
It stimulates human B cell activation.
Staphylococcus immunity
Most individuals synthesize antibodies reactive with staphylococcal
antigens that include cell wall-associated teichoic
acid and the α-hemolysin extracellular protein. These
antibodies are not protective against staphylococcal infections.
They may be of some use in diagnosis, but a significant
increase in antibody titer is required. High titers of antibodies
against toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), enterotoxins,
and exfoliatins are protective. These toxins are immunomodulatory
and mitogenic and induce cytokine synthesis. No
effective staphylococcal vaccine has been developed.
STAT transcription factors
Signal transducers and activators of transcription. Proteins
activated to become transcription factors through the Janus
kinases previously activated by cytokine receptor interaction.
status asthmaticus
A clinical syndrome characterized by diminished responsiveness
of asthmatic patients to drugs to which they were
formerly sensitive. Patients may not respond to adrenergic
bronchodilators and are hypoxemic. Treatment is with oxygen,
aminophylline, and methylprednisone.
status thymolymphaticus (historical)
A clinical condition described a half century ago as
pathological enlargement of the thymus. Regrettably, it was
treated with radiotherapy. Physicians then did not realize
that the thymus enlarges under such physiologic conditions,
at times attaining a weight of 15 to 25 g at puberty. This
enlargement was followed by subsequent involution of the
gland. Individuals subjected to radiation therapy were at
increased risk of developing thyroid and breast cancer.
Alfred D. Steinberg.
Steinberg, Alfred
Authority on autoimmunity who worked formerly at the
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
stem cell factor (SCF)
A bone marrow stromal cell transmembrane protein that
binds to c-Kit, a signaling receptor found on developing B
cells and other developing leukocytes.
stem cells
Relatively large cells with cytoplasmic rims that stain with
methyl green pyronin, nuclei that have thin chromatin strands
and contain nucleoli that are pyroninophilic. They are found
in hematopoietic tissues such as bone marrow. These stem
cells constitute part of the colony-forming unit (CFU) pool;
S