Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

slp 659 Smith, Theobald (1859–1934)
which induces subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; papovavirus,
which induces progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy;
and rubella, which induces rare progressive
rubella panencephalitis. The agents that cause kuru and
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are among the nonconventional
group of slow viruses.
slp
Abbreviation for sex limited protein encoded by genes at
the C4A complement locus in mice. It is restricted to males
but may be induced in females by androgen administration.
Sm (anti-Smith) antibodies
Antibodies that occur in approximately 29% of patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are specific
for this disease. They are specific for polypeptides of U1,
U2, and U4–U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)
that are significant in pre-mRNA splicing. Anti-Sm
antibodies do not show the increase in titer observed with
anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies during exacerbations
of the disease.
Sm (anti-Smith) autoantibodies
Anti-Sm autoantibodies recognize a subset of the protein
components of U1 snRNP. Anti-Sm antibodies recognize a
group of proteins (B′/B, D, E, F, and G) that form a stable
subparticle (the Sm core particle) associated with U1 snRNP
and a series of other snRNPs, the most abundant of which
are the U2, U5, and U4/U5. The assembly of these proteins
and RNAs into macromolecular complexes is responsible for
the patterns found on protein and RNA immunoprecipitation.
SMAA
Solid matrix antibody–antigen complex. A vaccine comprised
of monoclonal antibodies against a vaccine epitope.
The antibodies are bound chemically to microbeads after
which the vaccine antigenic determinant interacts with the
monoclonal antibodies. A microbead coated with monoclonal
antibodies against different epitopes can exhibit
epitopes of both B and T cells.
SMAC
Supramolecular activation complex. The point of contact
between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell where
accumulation of stabilized lipid rafts and activated T
cell receptors occurs; also known as the immunological
synapse. The SMAC possesses a concentric triple ring construct
comprised of the cSMAC, inner pSMAC, and outer
pSMAC (“c” indicates central; “p” indicates peripheral).
small blues
Blue aggregates of acellular debris observed in clinical
histocompatibility testing using microlymphotoxicity. Small
blues appear in the wells of tissue-typing trays and arise
from an excess of Trypan blue mixed with protein. They are
technical artifacts.
small G proteins
Monomeric G proteins, including Ras, that function as
intracellular signaling molecules downstream of many
transmembrane signaling events. In active form they bind
GTP (guanosine triphosphate) and hydrolyze it to GDP
(guanosine diphosphate) to become inactive.
small lymphocyte
One of the five types of leukocytes in the peripheral blood;
they measure 6 to 8 μm in diameter. In Wright’s and
Giemsa-stained blood smears, the nucleus stains dark blue
and is encircled by a narrow rim of robin’s egg blue cytoplasm.
Although most lymphocytes look alike, they differ
greatly in origin and function and in other features as well.
Under light microscopy, T and B lymphocytes and the E
rosette subpopulations look the same but they have different
phenotypic surface markers and differ greatly in function.
A common designation for resting T and B lymphocytes
that are recirculating.
small pre-B cells
Pre-B cells undergoing light chain gene rearrangements.
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(a) Small eruptions on the face of a smallpox patient. (b) Same patient
following recovery.
smallpox
Refer to variola.
smallpox vaccination
The induction of active immunity against smallpox (variola)
by immunization with a related agent, vaccinia virus,
obtained from vaccinia vesicles on calf skin. Shared, and
therefore cross reactive, epitopes in the vaccinia virus
provide protective immunity against smallpox. This ancient
disease has now been almost entirely eliminated worldwide;
laboratory stocks are maintained in Atlanta, Georgia,
and Moscow although they were supposed to have been
destroyed after the virus was sequenced. Smallpox vaccination
was developed by Edward Jenner, an English physician,
whose method diminished mortality from 20% to