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sensitization 645 sequence-specific priming (SSP)
sensitization
(1) Initial exposure of an animal to an antigen so that
subsequent or secondary exposure to the same antigen will
lead to a greater response. The term is used primarily when
the reaction induced is more hypersensitive or allergic than
indicative of a protective immune type of response. Thus,
an allergic response may be induced in a host sensitized by
prior exposure to the same allergen. Linked with immune
deviation to Th2 response. (2) Term originally used by
investigators who developed the complement fixation test
to describe the coating of cells such as red blood cells with
specific antibody to “sensitize” them for subsequent lysis
by complement. (3) Sensitization associated with organ or
tissue transplantation is known as alloimmunization.
sensitized
Immunized. May also refer to red cells in vitro that have
been treated with specific antibody prior to addition of
complement for lysis.
sensitized cell
(1) A cell such as a lymphocyte that has been activated
immunologically by interaction with a specific antigen and
is known as a primed lymphocyte. (2) Cells such as sheep
red blood cells coated with a specific antibody that renders
them susceptible to lysis by complement.
sensitized lymphocyte
A primed lymphocyte previously exposed to a specific antigen.
sensitized vaccine
An immunizing preparation containing bacteria treated
with their homologous immune serum.
sensitizing agent
An allergen or antigen that elicits a hypersensitivity response.
sensitizing antigen
A substance responsible for inducing hypersusceptibility or
exaggerated reactivity to it.
Sephadex
A trade name for a series of cross linked dextrans used
in chromatography.
1. Autograft 1. Allograft
A strain B strain
A strain
3. Semisyngeneic Graft
A strain
Takes Rejects
2. Isograft (Syngeneic graft)
A strain
(A × B)F 1
Semisyngeneic graft.
2. Semisyngeneic Graft
A strain
(A × B)F 1
Sepharose
A trade name for agarose gels used in electrophoresis.
sepsis
Bloodstream infection that is life threatening and often
leads to death. Septic shock may follow infection of the
blood with Gram-negative microorganisms through the
release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).
septic shock
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg or
a decrease in the systolic pressure baseline of more than
40 mmHg) in individuals with sepsis. The shock may be
induced by the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor
α (TNF-α) following bacterial infection of the blood,
frequently with Gram-negative bacteria. Vascular collapse,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, and metabolic disorders
occur. Septic shock results from the effects of bacterial
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines, including TNF,
interleukin-12 (IL12), and IL1. Also termed endotoxin shock.
septicemia
The presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms
or their toxins in the blood. Also termed blood poisoning.
sequence motif
A mosaic of nucleotides or amino acids shared by different
genes or proteins that frequently have related functions.
Sequence motifs in peptides that bind a specific major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein are based
on the requirements for a particular amino acid to achieve
binding to that particular MHC molecule.
sequence-specific priming (SSP)
A method that employs a primer with a single mismatch at
the 3′ end that cannot be employed efficiently to extend a
DNA strand because the Taq polymerase enzyme during the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and especially in the first
very critical PCR cycles does not manifest 3′–5′ proofreading
endonuclease activity to remove the mismatched nucleotide.
If primer pairs are designed to have perfectly matched 3′
ends with only a single allele or a single group of alleles
S