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secondary immune response 640 secreted immunoglobulin (sIg)
secondary immune response
A heightened antibody response following second exposure
to antigen in animals primed by previous contact with the
same antigen. The secondary immune response depends
upon immunological memory from the first encounter
with antigen. It is characterized by a steep and rapid rise in
antibody titer, usually of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class,
accompanied by potent cell-mediated immunity. Protein and
glycoprotein immunogens stimulate this type of response.
The rapid rise in antibody synthesis is followed by a gradual
exponential decline in titer. It begins sooner and develops
more rapidly than does the primary immune response. This
is also known as the booster response observed following
administration of antigens subsequent to the secondary exposure.
Refer also to anamnestic response.
secondary immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency that is not due to a failure or intrinsic
defect in the T and B lymphocytes of the immune system. It
is a consequence of some other disease process and may be
transient or permanent. The transient variety may disappear
following adequate treatment, whereas the more permanent
type persists. Secondary immunodeficiencies are commonly
produced by many effects. For example, those that appear
in patients with neoplasms may result from effects of a
tumor. Secondary immunodeficiencies may cause an individual
to become susceptible to microorganisms that would
otherwise cause no problem. They may occur following
immunoglobulin or T lymphocyte loss, the administration
of drugs, infection, cancer, and effects of ionizing radiation
on immune system cells, among other causes.
secondary lymphoid follicle
Areas of secondary lymphoid tissues populated by proliferating
B cells responding to antigen.
secondary lymphoid organ
The lymph nodes, spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissues,
and tonsils where T and B lymphocytes interact with
antigen-presenting accessory cells such as macrophages,
resulting in the generation of an immune response.
secondary lymphoid tissues
Tissues in which immune responses are generated, including
lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissues. Lymph nodes and spleen are often called secondary
lymphoid organs.
secondary lysosome
A lysosome united with a phagosome.
secondary nodule
Refer to secondary follicle.
secondary reactions
The visible effects of antibody–antigen binding such as precipitation,
agglutination, flocculation, complement fixation, etc.
secondary response
The anamnestic or memory immune response following
second exposure to an antigen in an individual sensitized by a
primary immunizing dose of the same antigen. The secondary
response occurs more rapidly and is of much greater
magnitude than the primary response because of the memory
cells that respond to the second challenge. Less costimulation
is required by memory lymphocytes than by naïve lymphocytes.
Clonal expansion in the primary response increases
the frequency of antigen-specific lymphocytes participating
in the secondary response, which is more rapid and vigorous
than the primary response. Also called booster response.
Secondary structure.
secondary structure
Polypeptide chain or polynucleotide strand folding along the
axis or backbone of a molecule as a consequence of the formation
of intramolecular hydrogen bonds joining carbonyl oxygen
and amide nitrogen atoms. Secondary structure is based on
the local spatial organization of polypeptide chain segments
or polynucleotide strands irrespective of the structures of side
chains or the relationship of the segments to one another.
secreted antibody
Refer to secreted immunoglobulin.
secreted immunoglobulin (sIg)
A product of plasma cells that is secreted as free immunoglobulin.
It may circulate as a component of blood plasma
or become part of the protein contents of other body fluids.
This form of immunoglobulin contains a short tail piece
and does not possess a transmembrane domain.
Secretor Phenomenon: A, B, and H Substances
Detectable in Saliva of Individuals with ABO Blood
Groups
Secretors in ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva
O A, H
A B, H
B A, B, H
AB H