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Sanarelli–Shwartzman reaction 635 sarcoidosis
Ehrlich’s instructions concerning 606 (salvarsan), the first effective treatment
for syphilis.
Sanarelli–Shwartzman reaction
Refer to Shwartzman reaction.
sandoglobulin
Refer to human immune globulin.
sandwich ELISA
A highly specific method in which surface-bound antibody
traps a protein by binding to one of its epitopes. An enzymelinked
antibody specific for a different epitope on the protein
surface is employed to detect the trapped protein.
sandwich immunoassay
A technique in which the analyte is bound to a solid phase,
and a labeled reagent is subsequently bound immunochemically
to the analyte.
sandwich methodology
Refer to sandwich technique.
sandwich technique
The identification of antibody or of antibody-synthesizing
cells in tissue preparations. Antigen is placed in contact
with the tissue section or smear, followed by the application
of antibody labeled with a fluorochrome such as fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC) that is specific for the antigen. This
yields a product consisting of antibody layered on both sides
of the antigen, in the manner of a sandwich.
Sanger, Ruth (1918–2001)
Ruth Sanger and Robert Race developed the three-allele theory
and the CDE nomenclature for the Rh blood group system.
SAPK/JNK signaling pathway
The stress-activated protein kinase/jun N-terminal kinase
signaling pathway induced by extracellular stress factors such
as osmotic shock, chemical agents, and indirect activation
downstream of engagement of the T cell receptor. Leads to
stimulation of c-jun, an AP-1 transcription factor constituent.
saponin
A glucoside used for its adjuvant properties to enhance
immune reactivity to certain vaccine constituents. It was
considered to slow the release of immunogen from an injection
site and induce B cells capable of forming antibody at
the site of antigen deposition.
N
Ruth Sanger (left) and Robert Race (right).
O
O
NH 2
NH
Saquinavir mesylate (Invirase)
A protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV
infections.
SAR
See plant immunity.
O
NH
OH
Saquinavir mesylate.
Open lung biopsy showing sarcoidosis.
sarcoma
A tumor that arises from a cell of connective tissue.
sarcoidosis
A systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology
involving lymph nodes, lungs, eyes, and skin. A granulomatous
hypersensitivity reaction resembles that of tuberculosis
and fungus infections. Sarcoidosis has a higher incidence
in African Americans than in Caucasians and is prominent
N
H
O
H
NHC(CH 3 ) 3
x CH 2SO 3H
S