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psychoneuroimmunology 602 purified protein derivative (PPD)
by erythematous skin lesions that develop a silvery covering.
Clinical features include the appearance of discrete,
papulosquamous plaques on areas of trauma such as elbows,
knees, and scalp, although they may appear elsewhere on
the skin. The incidence of HLA-B13 and B17 antigen is
relatively high, and T suppressor cell function is decreased.
Psoriasis vulgaris may coexist with lupus erythematosus in
some individuals. Peripheral blood helper/inducer CD4 + T
lymphocytes are significantly decreased in psoriasis patients,
who may be treated with psoralens and long-wave ultraviolet
radiation. Patients develop Munro microabscesses, hyper-
keratosis, parakeratosis, irregular acanthosis, papillary
edema, and mild chronic inflammation of the dermis. Focal
granular or globular deposits of immunoglobulins and C3 in
the stratum corneum are revealed by immunofluorescence.
The finely granular deposits principally contain IgG, IgA,
and C3 and are deposited in areas where stratum corneum
antigens are located. C3 and properdin deposits suggest
activation of the alternate complement pathway.
psychoneuroimmunology
The study of central nervous system and immune system
interactions in which neuroendocrine factors modulate immune
system function. For example, psychological stress arising from
bereavement or other causes may lead to depressed immune
function through neuroendocrine immune system interaction.
Multiple bidirectional interactions exist among the nervous,
immune, and endocrine systems. This represents an emerging
field of contemporary immunological research.
pT
Refer to pre-T cell receptor.
PTAP
Purified diphtheria toxoid that has been adsorbed on
hydrated aluminum phosphate; it is used to induce active
immunity against diphtheria.
Private antigen
Public antigen
Public and private antigen.
public antigen (supratypic antigen)
An epitope that several distinct or private antigens have in
common. A public antigen such as a blood group antigen is
present in >99.9% of a population. It is detected by the indirect
antiglobulin (Coombs’ test). Examples include Ve, Ge,
Jr, Gy a , and Ok a . Antigens that occur frequently but are not
public include MNs, Lewis, Duffy, P, etc. One blood banking
problem is finding suitable units of blood for transfusions to
recipients who have antibodies against public antigens.
public idiotypic determinant (IdX or CRI)
An idiotypic determinant present on antibody molecules in
numerous individuals of one species. It may occur on antibodies
with a single antigen specificity but may be present
on antibodies with separate specificities as well. The terms
IdX or CRI signify that these are cross reacting idiotypic
determinants and manifestations of immunoglobulin heavy
and light chain amino acid sequence similarities.
public specificity
Specificity of an epitope encoded by two or more alleles of
an alloantigenic system. The term most frequently refers
to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants
such as MHC alleles in which a single epitope is shared
by multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules.
Antigenic products encoded by more than one allele at a
single locus may carry public specificities. These specificities
may also be encoded by alleles at loci that are separate
but related. Thus, epitopes that represent public specificities
are shared by two or more proteins in a particular group.
For the specificity to be public, it must be found on at least
two proteins but may be found on multiple ones.
Pulmonary vasculitis. Note the necrosis of endothelial cells and supporting
stromal structures with acute and chronic inflammation, as well as
the exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), eosinophils, and
extravasated erythrocytes (35× magnification).
pulmonary vasculitis
Vasculitis characterized by chronic inflammation, necrotizing
and non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation,
fibrinoid necrosis, arterial wall medial thickening, and
intimal proliferation.
pulsed field gel electrophoresis
A method for separating DNA molecules that vary in size
from a few to 4000 kilobase pairs. The direction of the
electric field is repeatedly altered, causing the molecules to
change direction of migration and enter new pores in a gel.
Thus, both small and large DNA molecules migrate through
the gel based on size. Migration of the smaller molecules is
more rapid than that of the larger molecules.
pulsing
Antigen-presenting cell peptide groove loading with antigen
by electroporation.
purified protein derivative (PPD)
A derivative of the growth medium in which
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been cultured. It is a
soluble protein precipitated from the culture medium by
trichloroacetic acid. It is used for tuberculin skin tests.