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polyclonal rabbit anti-calretinin 582 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
If helper T cells are absent, autoreactive B cells may not
produce autoantibodies. Antigens consisting of several
determinants that include a self epitope that activates helper
T cells can result in stimulation of B lymphocytes with
autoantibody synthesis.
polyclonal rabbit anti-calretinin
Intended to qualitatively detect normal and malignant
mesothelial cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue
sections using light microscopy. Calretinin, a calciumbinding
protein with a molecular weight of
29 kDa, is a member of the large family of EF-hand
proteins that also include S-100. EF-hand proteins are
characterized by a helix–loop–helix fold that acts as a
calcium-binding site. Calretinin contains six such EF-hand
stretches. It is abundantly expressed in central and peripheral
neural tissues, especially in the retina and neurons
of the sensory pathways. Calretinin is also consistently
expressed in normal and reactive mesothelial cell linings of
all serosal membranes, eccrine glands of skin, convoluted
tubules of kidney, Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testes,
endometrium and ovarian stromal cells, and adrenal cortical
cells. Calretinin is also a sensitive and specific indicator
of normal and reactive mesothelial cells in effusion
cytology. It is useful as part of an immunohistochemical
marker panel to distinguish mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma.
The combination of calretinin and E-cadherin
was shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in
differentiating malignant mesothelioma from metastatic
adenocarcinoma to the pleura in one study .
polyclone mitogens
Mitogens that stimulate multiple lymphocyte subpopulations.
polyclone proteins
Protein molecules from multiple cell clones.
polyendocrine autoimmunity
Refer to polyendocrine deficiency syndrome (polygranular
autoimmune syndrome).
polyendocrine deficiency syndrome
(polyglandular autoimmune syndrome)
Two related endocrinopathies with gonadal failure that may
be due to defects in the hypothalamus. Vitiligo and autoimmune
adrenal insufficiency are present. Four fifths of the
patients have autoantibodies. Type I occurs in late childhood
and is characterized by hypoparathyroidism, alopecia,
mucocutaneous candidiasis, malabsorption, pernicious
Target strands separated and
attached to primers
1st cycle
2nd cycle
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
anemia, and chronic active hepatitis. Inheritance is
autosomal-recessive. Type II occurs in adults with Addison’s
disease and autoimmune thyroiditis or insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus.
polyethylene glycol assay for CICs
A method to detect, characterize, and quantitate antigens
and antibodies in complexes that sediment in polyethylene
glycol. This technique has only borderline clinical utility. In
serum sickness conditions, it can detect circulating immune
complexes (CICs).
polygenic
Describes several nonallelic genes encoding the same or
similar proteins. It may also signify any trait attributable to
inheritance of more than one gene.
polygenic inheritance
Phenotypic inheritance based on genetic variation at multiple
loci. Numerous genetic loci may contribute to an inherited
phenotype. Certain forms of immune responsiveness
and susceptibility to selected diseases may be influenced by
polygenic inheritance.
poly-Ig receptor
Abbreviation for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor.
polyimmunoglobulin receptor
An attachment site for polymeric immunoglobulins located
on the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells and
hepatocyte surfaces that facilitate polymeric IgA and IgM
transcytosis to the secretions. After binding, the receptor–
immunoglobulin complex is endocytosed and enclosed
within vesicles for transport. Exocytosis takes place at cell
surfaces where the immunoglobulin is discharged into the
intestinal lumen. A similar mechanism in the liver facilitates
IgA transport into the bile. The receptor–polymeric immunoglobulin
complex is released from cells following cleavage
near the cell membranes. The receptor segment bound to the
polymeric immunoglobulin is known as the secretory component,
which can only be used once in the transport process.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A technique to amplify a small DNA segment beginning
with as little as 1 μg. The segment of double-stranded
DNA is placed between two oligonucleotide primers
through many cycles of amplification. Amplification takes
place in a thermal cycler, with one step occurring at a
high temperature in the presence of DNA polymerase that
can withstand the high temperature. Within a few hours,
Primers extended to make copies
of targets
ad infinitum