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penicillin hypersensitivity 563 pepsin digestion
Penicillin hypersensitivity.
penicillin hypersensitivity
Allergic reactions to penicillin or its degradation products
such as penicillinic acid may be antibody- or cell-mediated.
Penicillin derivatives may act as haptens by conjugating
to tissue proteins to yield penicilloyl derivatives. These
conjugates may induce antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
manifested as an anaphylactic reaction when a patient is
subsequently exposed to penicillin, or it may be manifested
Peptides
pFc´
F(ab´)2
Pepsin
digestion
IgG
as a serum sickness-type reaction with fever, urticaria,
and joint pains. Penicillin hypersensitivity may also be
manifested as hemolytic anemia, in which the penicillin
derivatives become conjugated to red blood cells, or as
allergic contact dermatitis, especially in pharmacists or
nurses who come into contact with penicillin on a regular
basis. Whereas a patch test using material impregnated with
penicillin may be applied to the skin to detect cell-mediated
(delayed-type, type IV) hypersensitivity, individuals who
have developed anaphylactic hypersensitivity with IgE antibodies
specific for penicilloyl–protein conjugates may be
identified by injecting penicilloyl polylysine into their skin.
The development of a wheal-and-flare response signifies
the presence of IgE antibodies that mediate anaphylactic
reactivity in humans.
pentadecacatechol
The chemical constituent of the leaves of poison ivy plants
that induces cell-mediated immunity associated with hypersensitivity
to poison ivy.
pentamidine isoethionate
A substance useful in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia in AIDS patients who failed to respond to
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole therapy. It is administered by
aerosol and has diminished P. carinii pneumonia by 65%.
Adverse effects include azotemia, arrhythmia, hypotension,
diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and severe hypoglycemia.
pentraxin family
A category of glycoproteins in the blood that have cyclic
pentameric symmetric structures. They include C-reactive
protein, serum amyloid P, and complement C1.
pentraxins
A family of acute phase plasma proteins composed of
five identical globular subunits. Included in this group are
C-reactive protein and serum amyloid protein.
pepsin
A proteolytic enzyme used to hydrolyze immunoglobulin
molecules into F(ab′) 2 fragments plus small peptides.
pepsin digestion
A proteolytic enzyme used to cleave immunoglobulin
molecules into F(ab′) 2 fragments together with fragments
of small peptides that represent what remains of the Fc
fragment. Each immunoglobulin molecule yields only
Papain
digestion
Pepsin digestion compared to papain digestion of IgG.
Fab
Fc
Fab
P