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passive agglutination test 557 passive immunity
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passive agglutination test
An assay to recognize antibodies against soluble antigens
that are attached to erythrocytes, latex, or other particles by
adsorption or chemical linkage. In the presence of antibodies
specific for the antigen, aggregation of the passenger
particles occurs. Examples of this technique include the
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) latex agglutination test, the
tanned red cell technique, the bentonite flocculation test,
and the bis-diazotized benzidine test.
passive anaphylaxis
An anaphylactic reaction in an animal that has been
administered an antigen after it has been conditioned by an
inoculation of antibodies derived from an animal immunized
against the antigen of interest.
passive Arthus reaction
An inflammatory vasculitis produced in experimental
animals by the passive intravenous injection of significant
amounts of precipitating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody,
followed by the intracutaneous or subcutaneous injection
of the homologous antigen for which the antibodies are
specific. This permits microprecipitates to occur in the
intercellular spaces between the intravascular precipitating
antibody and antigen in the extravascular space. This is
followed by interaction with complement, attraction of polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and an inflammatory response
as described under Arthus reaction.
passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)
A skin test that involves the in vivo passive transfer of
homocytotropic antibodies mediating type I immediate
Reflects
twofold serial
dilutions of
same antibody
preparation
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Antigen Antibody
Passive agglutination test.
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hypersensitivity (e.g., IgE in human) from a sensitized to
a previously nonsensitized individual by intradermally
injecting the antibodies that become anchored to mast
cells through their Fc receptors. This is followed hours or
even days later by intravenous injection of antigen mixed
with a dye such as Evans blue. Cross linking of the cellfixed
(e.g., IgE) antibody receptors by the injected antigen
induces a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction in
which histamine and other pharmacological mediators of
immediate hypersensitivity are released. Vascular permeability
factors act on the vessels to permit plasma and dye to
leak into the extravascular space, forming a blue area that
can be measured with calipers. In humans, this is called the
Prausnitz–Küstner (PK) reaction.
passive hemagglutination
Aggregation by antibodies of erythrocytes bearing adsorbed
or covalently bound soluble antigen on their surfaces.
passive hemolysis
The lysis of erythrocytes used as carriers for soluble antigens
bound to their surfaces. Following interaction with antibody,
complement induces cell lysis. In passive hemolysis, the
antigen is not a part of the cell surface structure but is only
attached to it.
passive immunity
A form of acquired immunity induced by the transfer of
immune serum containing specific antibodies or transfer
of sensitized lymphoid cells from an immune to a nonimmune
recipient host. Examples of passive immunity are the
transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies across the
Dinitrophenolspecific
rat
antibody
Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats in response to dinitrophenol-specific rat reagin antibody. The diminished size of areas of increased capillary permeability
is a consequence of twofold serial dilutions of the antibody.
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