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aneuploidy 42 angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILA)
T cell anergy.
Tumor growth demonstrating progressive vessel regression correlation
with expression patterns of Ang-2 and vascular endothelial growth factors
9VEGFs). (Left) A small tumor initially grows by coopting existing
vessels. (Center) Ang-2 expression promotes vessel regression. (Right)
Robust angiogenesis is apparent at the margin of the tumor where VEGF
expression is upregulated.
aneuploidy
A condition in which the chromosome number of cells of an
individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set
for that species.
10 nm area of induration appears
48 hrs after intradermal injaction
Typical positive skin test
angioedema
Significant localized swelling of tissues as a consequence
of complement activation that takes place when C1 esterase
inhibitor is lacking. Angioedema may also describe skin
swelling following IgE-mediated allergic reactions that cause
increased permeability of subcutaneous blood vessels.
angiogenesis
The formation of new blood vessels under the influence of
several protein factors produced by both natural and adaptive
immune system cells. It may be associated with chronic
inflammation. Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels
by sprouting of new capillaries from existing vessels, a
fundamental phenomenon in diseases such as atherosclerosis,
cancer, and diabetes and in physiological conditions
such as the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Angiogenesis
is closely related to vasculogenesis, the formation of a vascular
network from stem cells in the embryo. In each case,
the controlling mechanisms are the paracrine regulation of
tyrosine kinase receptors, primarily on endothelial cells.
angiogenesis factor
A macrophage-derived protein that facilitates neovascularization
through stimulation of vascular endothelial cell
growth. Among the five angiogenesis factors known, basic
fibroblast growth factor may facilitate neovascularization
in type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity responses.
angiogenic factors
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and vascular endothelial
growth factors (VEGFs) are endothelial cell mitogens.
The key factors are the five VEGFs, the VEGF receptors
(VEGF-R1, -R2, and -R3), and placental growth factors
(PIGFs). In addition, several newer factors, such as the
angiopoietins, ephrins, leptin, and chemokines, have been
shown to be important in angiogenesis.
angiogenin
A 14.4-kDa protein belonging to a family of proteins
called the RNAse superfamily. Angiogenin acts as a potent
inducer of blood vessel formation and is known to possess
ribonuclease activity. If the ribonuclease activity is blocked,
the angiogenic properties of angiogenin also appear to be
inhibited. Angiogenin mRNA has been identified in a wide
range of cell types.
angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILA)
Proliferation of hyperimmune B lymphocytes. Immunoblasts,
both large and small, form a pleomorphic infiltrate together
Anergic response to
skin test
Negative skin
test reactivity
0 12h 48h 72h 0 12h 48h 72h
Anergy.