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P
Abbreviation for properdin. Also called factor P.
P1A1 antibodies
These antibodies, specific for the P1A1 antigen, are responsible
for three fourths of the cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic
purpura and post-transfusion purpura. Anti-P1 A1
antibodies prevent clot retraction and platelet aggregation.
P1 kinase
A serine/threonine kinase activated by interferons α and β.
It prevents translation by phosphorylating eIF2, the eukaryotic
protein synthesis initiation factor. This facilitates
inhibition of viral replication.
p24 antigen
A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 24-kDa
core antigen that is the earliest indicator of infection with
HIV-1. It is demonstrable days to weeks prior to seroconversion
to antibody synthesis against HIV-1. Testing for the p24
antigen does not reveal anti-HIV-1 seronegative persons or
those with unapparent infections who wish to donate blood.
p53
The tumor suppressor gene that is most frequently mutated
in human neoplasms. It acts as a sentinel of genomic
stability. It prompts arrest of the cell cycle to permit repair
of DNA or facilitates apoptosis of cells in which injuries
cannot be repaired.
P-80
An assay of an antiserum’s ability to precipitate antigen. This
test yields data equivalent to that obtained by the quantitative
precipitation reaction. A constant quantity of radioisotope-labeled
antigen is added to doubling dilutions of antiserum in a
row of tubes. The end point is the tube in the zone of antigen
excess in which precipitation of 80% of the antigen occurs.
P addition
Appending of nucleotides from cleaved hairpin loops
produced by the junction of V–D or D–J gene segments
during rearrangements of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor
(TCR) genes.
PAF
Abbreviation for platelet-activating factor.
PAFR
Platelet-activating factor receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled
receptor family, the chemokine receptor branch
of the rhodopsin family. Tissue sources include the HL-60
P
Rat Diabetic rat Freshly isolated Islet cells transplanted
Lewis islet cells
inoculated into
thymus, along with
antilymphocyte
serum
Protocol for pancreas transplant.
granulocyte cDNA library. The classic ligand of PAFR is the
proinflammatory lipid PAF. COS-7 cells expressing PAFR
possess a single high affinity binding site for PAF. Transcript
1 is ubiquitous and is expressed on peripheral leukocytes;
transcript 2 is expressed in placenta, heart, and lung.
palindrome
A DNA segment with a dyad symmetrical structure. When
read from 5′ to 3′, it reveals an equivalent sequence whether
read forward or backward or from left or right. The base
sequence in one strand is identical to the sequence in the
second strand.
panagglutination
Aggregation of cells with multiple antigenic specificities
by certain blood sera, such as agglutination of normal red
blood cells by a particular serum sample. It may also refer
to an antibody that identifies an antigenic specificity held
in common by a group of cells bearing a common antigenic
specificity even though they differ in other antigenic specificities.
Contamination of sera or cells to be typed can result
in aggregation of all the cells, leading to false-positive
results as in blood grouping or cross matching procedures.
PAMPs
Abbreviation for pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
pancreatic islet cell hormones
Immunoperoxidase staining of islet cell adenomas with
antibodies to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and gastrin
facilitates definition of their clinical phenotype.
pancreatic transplantation
A treatment for diabetes. A complete pancreas or a large
segment of it obtained from a cadaver may be transplanted
along with kidneys into the same diabetic patient. It is
important for the patient to be clinically stable and to have
as close a tissue (HLA antigen) match as possible. Graft
survival is 50 to 80% at 1 year.
pandemic
A worldwide eruption of an infectious disease.
pan-keratin antibodies
A “cocktail” of antibodies reactive with high molecular
weight cytokeratin and low molecular weight keratin
(AE1/AE3). By immunoperoxidase staining, these
antibodies identify most epithelial cells and their derived
neoplasms, regardless of the site of origin or level of
differentiation.
under renal capsule in
animals with sustained
intrathymic transplant
and normal blood
glucose
Thymus removed.
Rate still has normal
blood glucose due to
functional transplant
of islet cells under
renal capsule.
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P