Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

orthotopic 544 Ouchterlony test
Donor kidney
O
HN
Renal fossa
Orthotopic graft.
O
H 2N
Oseltamivir.
Transplant
recipient
rejection episodes. It may act in concert with the complement
system to induce T cell lysis or act as an opsonin,
rendering T cells susceptible to phagocytosis. Rarely,
recirculating T lymphocytes are removed in patients
experiencing rejection crisis by thoracic duct drainage or
extracorporeal irradiation of the blood. Plasma exchange is
useful for temporary reduction in circulating antibody levels
in selective diseases, such as hemolytic disease of the
newborn, myasthenia gravis, or Goodpasture’s syndrome.
Immunosuppressive drugs act on all of the T and B cell
maturation processes.
orthotopic
An organ or tissue transplant at a site usually occupied by
that organ or tissue.
orthotopic graft
An organ or tissue transplant placed in the location usually
occupied by that particular organ or tissue.
oseltamivir (Tamiflu ® )
A powerful inhibitor of the neuraminidase enzyme of influenza
viruses A and B. Neuraminidase leads to cleavage of
sialic acid residues on newly formed virions and is critical
to the release and spread of progeny viruses. On contact
with oseltamivir, influenza virions aggregate on host cell
surfaces, which limits the extent of infection within the
mucosal secretions and diminishes viral infectivity. This
drug is indicated in the prophylaxis of influenza and for the
treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza in
patients 1 year and older who have manifested symptoms
for no more than 2 days. H5N1 influenza virus strains are
usually sensitive to the drug, but no clinical data of efficacy
are available. Drugs in this category diminish the duration
of influenza-related symptoms if administered within 48
hours of onset. Clinical efficacy is 60 to 70%. Symptoms
including myalgia, fever, and headache diminished if treatment
started within 48 hours. Therapy is more effective
O
O
if begun within 30 hours of symptom onset. Oseltamivir
exerts no adverse effect on cellular immune responses
to influenza virus infection in vivo. Its only clinical side
effect is mild gastrointestinal distress. Oseltamivir is an
ethyl ester prodrug that undergoes ester hydrolysis when
converted to the active form of oseltamivir carboxylate. The
drug has a potent antiviral effect in vitro also against H9N2
strains and recombinant viruses composed of the 1918 NA
or both the 1918 HA and 1918 NA in tissue cultures and
mouse studies, suggesting that it may be effective against a
re-emergent 1918-like virus.
osteoclast
A macrophage-like cell present in bone that is responsible
for bone resorption.
osteoclast-activating factor (OAF)
A lymphokine produced by antigen-activated lymphocytes
that promotes bone resorption through activation
of osteoclasts. Besides lymphotoxin produced by T cells,
interleukin-1 (IL1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and
prostaglandins synthesized by macrophages also have OAF
activity. OAFs may be responsible for the bone resorption
observed in multiple myeloma and T cell neoplasms.
OT (historical)
Old tuberculin.
Orjan Thomas Gunnersson Ouchterlony.
Ouchterlony, Orjan Thomas Gunnersson (1914–2004)
Swedish bacteriologist who developed the antibody detection
test that bears his name. Two-dimensional double
diffusion with subsequent precipitation patterns is the basis
of the assay. (Refer to Handbook of Immunodiffusion and
Immunoelectrophoresis, 1968.)
Ouchterlony test
A double diffusion in a gel type precipitation test. Antigen
and antibody solutions are placed in separate wells cut
into an agar plate prepared with electrolyte. As the antigen