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neutrophil activating protein 1 (NAP-1) 531 New Zealand black (NZB) mice
neutrophil activating protein 1 (NAP-1)
Former term for interleukin-8 (IL8).
neutrophil activating protein 2 (NAP-2)
A chemokine of the α (CXC) family, NAP-2 is a proteolytic
fragment of PBP corresponding to amino acids
25 through 94. CTAP-III and LA-PF4 or β-TG released
from activated platelets are inactive NAP-2 precursors.
Leukocytes and leukocyte-derived proteases convert the
inactive precursors into NAP-2 by proteolytic cleavage at
the N terminus.
neutrophil attracting peptide 2 (NAP-2)
Chemoattractant of neutrophils to sites of platelet aggregation.
NAP-2 competes weakly with interleukin-8 (IL8) for
the IL8 type II receptor. However, because it can be found
at much higher concentrations than IL8 at platelet aggregation
sites, NAP-2 is considered an active participant in the
inflammatory process.
neutrophil chemotaxis
Refer to chemotaxis and chemotactic factors.
neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
Autoantibodies specific for myeloid-specific lysosomal
enzymes. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
are of two types. The cANCA variety stains the cytoplasm
where it reacts with α granule proteinase-3 (PR-3). By contrast,
pANCA stains the perinuclear zone through its reaction
with myeloperoxidase (MPO). Of patients with Wegener’s
granulomatosis with generalized active disease, 84 to 100%
develop cANCA, although fewer individuals with the limited
form of Wegener’s granulomatosis develop these antibodies.
Organ involvement cannot be predicted from the identification
of cANCA or pANCA antibodies. pANCA antibodies
reactive with MPO may be found in patients with certain
vasculitides including Churg–Strauss syndrome, polyarteritis
nodosa, microscopic polyarteritis, and polyangiitis.
A pANCA staining pattern unrelated to antibodies against
PR-3 or MPO has been described in inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD); 59 to 84% of ulcerative colitis patients and 65
to 84% of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients are positive
for pANCA. By contrast, only 10 to 20% of patients with
Crohn’s disease are positive for it. These antibodies are classified
as neutrophil nuclear antibodies (ANAs). Hep-2 cells
are used to differentiate granulocyte-specific ANAs from
ANAs that are not tissue-specific.
L-Selectin
ICAM-1
LFA-1
P-Selectin
ligand
CD31
Neutrophil
Neutrophil leukocyte.
neutrophil leukocyte
A peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte derived
from the myeloid lineage. Neutrophils comprise 40 to 75% of
the total white blood count, numbering 2500 to 7500 cells per
cubic millimeter. They are phagocytic and have multilobed
nuclei and azurophilic and specific granules that appear lilac
following staining with Wright’s or Giemsa stains. They may
be attracted to a local site by such chemotactic factors as
C5a. They are the principal cells of acute inflammation and
actively phagocytize invading microorganisms. Besides serving
as the first line of cellular defense in infection, they participate
in such reactions as the uptake of antigen–antibody
complexes in the Arthus reaction. The neutrophil leukocyte
expresses Fc receptors and can participate in antibody-dependent
cell-mediated cytoxicity. It has the capacity to phagocytize
microorganisms and digest them enzymatically.
neutrophil microbicidal assay
A test that assesses the capacity of polymorphonuclear
neutrophil leukocytes to kill intracellular bacteria.
neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate oxidase
Refer to chronic granulomatous disease.
neutrophilia
Significantly elevated numbers of neutrophils in the
blood circulation.
neutrophils
Leukocytes. Also called polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).
Newcastle disease
Follicular conjunctivitis induced by an avian paramyxovirus
that blocks the oxidative burst in phagocytes. Cytokines
that produce fever are formed. Recovery occurs in approximately
1 to 2 weeks. In birds, the agent induces pneumoencephalitis,
which is fatal.
Newcastle disease vaccine
(1) An inactivated virus raised in chick embryos that is
incorporated into aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant. (2) A
live virus grown in chick embryos and attenuated in a
graded manner. Strains with medium virulence are administered
parenterally; less virulent strains are given to birds
in drinking water as aerosols.
New Zealand black (NZB) mice
An inbred strain of mice that serve as animal models of
autoimmune hemolytic anemia. They develop antinuclear
ICAM-1
LFA-1
CD44
VCAM-1
Mac-1
E-Selectin
ligand
N