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neuron-specific enolase (NSE) 530 neutrophil activating peptide 2 (NAP-2)
Neuron-specific enolase (immunoperoxidase stain).
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)⎯pancreas.
manifestations, in Raynaud’s phenomenon, and in antiphospholipid
syndromes. They may be detected by flow cytometry,
but their clinical usefulness remains to be determined.
neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
An enzyme of neurons and neuroendocrine cells and their
derived tumors (e.g., oat cell carcinoma of lung) demonstrable
by immunoperoxidase staining. NSE also occurs in some
neoplasms not derived from neurons or endocrine cells.
neuron-specific enolase (NSE) antibody
A murine monoclonal antibody directed against γ-γ enolase
present on most human neurons, normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine
cells, and some megakarocytes. This reagent
may be used to aid in the identification of cells of neural
or neuroendocrine lineage. The antibody is intended for
qualitative staining in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded
tissue. Anti-NSE antibody specifically binds
to the γ-γ enolase located in the cytoplasms of normal
and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. Unexpected antigen
expression or loss of expression may occur, especially neoplasms.
Occasionally stromal elements surrounding heavily
stained tissue and/or cells will show immunoreactivity. The
clinical interpretation of staining or its absence must be
complemented by morphological studies and evaluation of
proper controls.
neuropeptides
Substances that associate the nervous system with the
inflammatory response. Neuropeptides serve as inflammatory
mediators released from neurons in response to local
tissue injury. They include substance P, vasoactive intestinal
peptide, somatostatin, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide.
Multiple immunomodulatory activities have been attributed
to these substances.
neuropilin
A cell surface protein that is a receptor for the collapsin/
semaphorin family of neuronal guidance proteins.
neurotoxin
An exotoxin that can interfere with the conduction of
a nerve impulse or block transmission at the synapse
by linking to a voltage-gated Na 2+ channel protein.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetani, C.
botulinum, and Shigella dysenteriae produce neurotoxins.
Conotoxin is an example of another neurotoxin.
Virion
Antibody
molecule
Neutralizing antibody molecules.
Cellular receptor
of host
neutralization
The inactivation of a microbial product such as a toxin by
antibody or counteraction of the infectivity of a microorganism,
especially the neutralization of viruses. Antibody
binding to viral antigen physically blocks its binding to and
infecting a host cell.
neutralization test
An assay based on the ability of antibody to inactivate
the biological effects of an antigen or of a microorganism
expressing it. Neutralization applies especially to inactivation
of virus infectivity or of the biological activity of a
microbial toxin.
neutralizing antibody
Refer to neutralization and neutralization test.
neutropenia
A diminished number of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic
leukocytes in the peripheral blood circulation.
neutrophil activating factor 1
Interleukin-8 (IL8).
neutrophil activating peptide 2 (NAP-2)
A 75-amino acid chemokine produced by the proteolysis
of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) by neutrophil cathepsin-G. It
can activate neutrophils and monocytes by binding to their
interleukin-8 (IL8) type B receptors. NAP-2 has about 60%
amino acid sequence similarity with platelet factor 4 (PF-4).
It is believed to augment inflammation by cooperative interactions
between platelets and neutrophils. Autoantibodies
against NAP-2 and IL8 have been identified in heparinassociated
thrombocytopenia, but their clinical significance
remains to be determined.