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natural killer gene complex (NKC) 525 natural suppressor cells
INFγ
NK cell
Fc receptor
anchoring antibody to the cell surface through an Fcγ receptor;
thus, they are able to destroy antibody-coated nucleated
cells. NK cells are believed to represent a significant part of
the natural immune defense against spontaneously developing
neoplastic cells and against infection by viruses. NK cell
activity is measured by a 51 Cr release assay employing the
K562 erythroleukemia cell line as a target. NK cells secrete
IFN-γ and fail to express antigen receptors such as immunoglobulin
receptors or T cell receptors. Cell surface stimulatory
receptors and inhibitory receptors that recognize self
MHC molecules regulate their activation. NK cells become
activated if a target cell that expresses ligands that bind to
NK activating receptors does not express MHC class I molecules
to interact with NK inhibitory receptors. NK cells are
sentinels of natural innate immunity.
natural killer gene complex (NKC)
NK inhibitory/activatory receptor genes, including Ly-49,
CD95, CD69, NKG2, and NKRP1 (NK1.1) molecules. This
gene cluster is located on chromosome 6 in mice and on
chromosome 12 in humans.
Tumor cell
TNFα IgG antibody
Perforin and
granzymecontaining
granules
Tumor cell
lysis
NK-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Kill
signal
Kill
signal
NK cell
NKR-P1
Glycoprotein
Normal
target cell
NKR-P1
NK cell
Glycoprotein
Virus-infected
target cell
Ly 49
Class I
MHC
Ly 49
Protect
signal
Class I
MHC expression
Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity.
No
cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity
natural killer T (NKT) cells
Lymphoid cells that manifest characteristics of both T
cells and NK cells. NKT cells bear semi-invariant TCRs
that recognize glycolipids or lipid antigens presented in
the context of CD1d molecules. Following activation, NKT
cells rapidly secrete Th0 cytokines that facilitate activation
and differentiation of both B and T cells. Similar to
NK cells, NKT cells may also induce cytolysis of target
cells.
natural passive immunity
The transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies across
the placenta from mother to child.
natural resistance
Refer to natural immunity.
natural suppressor cells
Lymphocytes that demonstrate nonspecific inhibition of
some immune responses. They have been found following
total irradiation and in neonatal animals. They may share a
common lineage and function with NK cells.
N