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mucosal tolerance 513 multilocus probes (MLPs)
Secretory immune system.
whereas 10 to 30% are T lymphocytes. M cells overlying
Peyer’s patches are membranous (M) cells devoid of
microvilli, are pinocytic, and convey macromolecules
to subepithelial tissues from the lumen of the intestine.
Although M cells are believed to transport antigens to
Peyer’s patches, they do not act as antigen-presenting
cells. Lymphoid cells in the blood migrate to the gut
mucosa. The α 4-associated β 7 integrin is critical for
endothelial binding of lymphocytes in the intestine and
migration of cell into the mucosa.
mucosal tolerance
The hypothesis that continuous exposure of an individual to
a modest quantity of a specific antigen through a mucosal
route renders tolerance to that antigen systemically. As a
consequence, there is abrogation of the immune response to
that same antigen administered later by a nonmucosal route.
Refer to oral tolerance.
Antigen
application
i.n.
i.t.
i.g.
i.r.
Inductive
sites
?
NALT
?
BALT
?
GALT
Local draining
lymph nodes
mucous adhesive
Viscous liquid on the luminal surfaces of mucosal cells.
Secretory antibodies and antimicrobial molecules are
present in this secretion, which is a constituent of mucosal
immunity. It is produced by multiple internal epithelia.
mucous membranes
Refer to mucosa.
Müller-Eberhard, Hans J. (1927–1998)
Investigator at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla,
California. He was an authority on complement research
and was instrumental in demonstrating the immunobiology
of the late acting complement components in immune lysis.
multicatalytic proteinase autoantibodies
Of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
35% manifest autoantibodies to multicatalytic proteinases
(proteasomes), macromolecular structures comprised of at
least 14 subunits involved in the intracellular degradation of
proteins. They are not usually found in myositis, scleroderma,
or Sjögren’s syndrome.
multilocus probes (MLPs)
Probes used to identify multiple related sequences distributed
throughout each person’s genome. Multilocus probes
may reveal as many as 20 separate alleles. Because of this
Thoracic
duct
Immune memory cells home to inductive sites?
?
Lymphoid
follicules
in
rectum
Central
CLN
Hilar
lymph nodes
Mesenteric
lymph nodes
Rectal
lymph nodes
Provocatory
stimulus
MHC class II
pathway
Neoantigen
Cytokines
Blood
stream
i.vag.
Inductive
Does not favor inducing mucosal responses
site?
Compartmentalized common mucosal immune system.
ICAM-1
Effector sites
Nasal mucosae
salivary glands
Trachea and
bronchi
Gut
Increased IgA
secretion,
epithelial lysis
SC
Intraepithelial lymphocytes,
mast cells, or polymorphonuclear cells
Common mucosal inflammatory pathway.
Genital tract
or
Rectal mucosae
Epithelial
growth factor
secretion
M