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Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (1689–1762) 511 μ chain
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (1689–1762)
Often credited as the first to introduce inoculation as a
means of preventing smallpox in England in 1722. After
observing the practice in Turkey, where her husband was
posted as Ambassador to the Turkish court, she had both
her young son and daughter inoculated and interested the
Prince and Princess of Wales in the practice. Accounts of
inoculation against smallpox are found in her Letters, 1977.
Robert Halsband authored her biography, The Life of Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1956).
Montenegro test
A diagnostic assay for South American leishmaniasis
induced by Leishmania brasiliensis. The intracutaneous
injection of a polysaccharide antigen derived from the causative
agent induces a delayed hypersensitivity response.
Mooren’s ulcer
A chronic progressive marginal corneal degeneration of
unknown cause. It has an increased incidence in older
persons and is associated with marked pain and ceaseless
melting of the peripheral cornea. Autoimmune phenomena
and collagenolytic enzymes have been considered in
the pathogenesis of this condition. Circulating antibodies
to human corneal epithelium and serum antibodies to a
bovine corneal antigen (CO-Ag) have been demonstrated.
Immunoglobulins and complement component patterns discovered
in the affected epithelia and stroma were not found
in normal controls. It remains to be determined whether
these immunology phenomena lead to corneal inflammation
or are consequences of it.
Moro test
A variant of the tuberculin test in which tuberculin is incorporated
into an ointment that is applied to the skin to permit
the tuberculin to enter the body by inunction.
moth-eaten mouse
A C57Bl/6J mouse strain mutant designated me/me. These
animals are especially prone to develop autoimmune and
infectious diseases. They have a mutation of the gene
encoding SHP-1, a phosphatase that normally acts as a
negative regulator of B cell receptor signaling and exhibit
areas of hair loss. Immunologically, they develop polyclonal
hypergammaglobulinemia, defective cell-mediated
immunity, and a type of autoimmune disease in which
immune deposits are found in the kidneys.
MOTT (mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
An acronym for mycobacteria other than those that induce
tuberculosis. Their recognition is increasing.
MOTT cell
A type of plasma cell containing refractile eosinophilic
inclusion bodies that resemble Russell bodies. The cells are
associated with African sleeping sickness and are demonstrable
in periarteriolar cuffs in the brains of patients in late
stages of African trypanosomiasis.
mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)
A DNA virus that causes murine hepatitis and encephalitis.
MHV infects oligodendrocytes and leads to demyelination
without the presence of immune system cells.
mouse immunoglobulin antibodies
Forty percent of human subjects may harbor heteroantibodies
that include human antimouse antibodies (HAMAs).
HAMAs in serum may induce falsely elevated results in
immunoassays that involve mouse antibodies. This may
present a problem for organ transplant patients who receive
mouse monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD3, anti-CD4,
and anti-IL2R treatments.
mouse inbred strains
Refer to inbred strain.
M protein
(1) Monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin components
such as myeloma proteins. The M protein represents
3 to 10% of total serum proteins and the level remains
constant throughout life or decreases with age. (2) Group
Aβ hemolytic streptococcal type-specific cell surface antigens
such as streptococcal M protein.
MRL-lpr/lpr mice
A mouse strain genetically prone to developing lupus erythematosus
(LE)-like disease spontaneously. Its congenic
subline is MRL-+/+. The lymphoproliferation (lpr) gene in
the former strain is associated with development of autoimmune
disease (i.e., murine lupus). This natural mouse mutant
has a Fas mutation. Although the MRL-+/+ mice are not
normal immunologically, they develop autoimmune disease
only late in life and without lymphadenopathy. MRL-lpr/
lpr mice differ from New Zealand mice mainly in the
development of striking lymphadenopathy in both males
and females of the MRL-lpr/lpr strain between 8 and 16
weeks of age with a 100-fold increase in lymph node weight.
Many Thy-1 + , Ly-1 + , Ly-2 –, and L3T4 – lymphocytes that
express and rearrange α and β genes of the T cell receptor
but fail to rearrange immunoglobulin genes are present in
the lymph nodes. Multiple antinuclear antibodies, including
anti-Sm, are among serological features of murine lupus in
the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model. These are associated with the
development of immune complexes that mediate glomerulonephritis.
Although the lpr gene is clearly significant in the
pathogenesis of autoimmunity, the development of anti-DNA
and anti-Sm even in low titers and late in life in the MRL-+/+
congenic line points to the role of factors other than the lpr
gene in the development of autoimmunity in this strain.
MS
Abbreviation for multiple sclerosis.
μ chain
The IgM heavy polypeptide chain. Membrane μ chain is
designated μ m. Secreted μ chain is designated μ s.
M