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mononuclear phagocyte 510 Montagnier, Luc
IgG
Antigen molecule
Identical
epitopes
IgM molecule
Monogamous bivalency and monogamous multivalency.
CFU-GM
Monoblast
Promonocyte
Monocyte
Mononuclear phagocyte system.
Tissue
macrophage
mononuclear phagocyte
Refer to mononuclear phagocyte system.
mononuclear phagocyte system
Mononuclear cells with pronounced phagocytic ability that
are distributed extensively in lymphoid and other organs.
Mononuclear phagocyte system should replace the previous
reticuloendothelial system term to describe this group of
cells. Mononuclear phagocytes originate from stem cells
in the bone marrow that first differentiate into monocytes
that appear in the blood for approximately 24 hours or
more with final differentiation into macrophages in the
tissues. Macrophages usually occupy perivascular areas.
Liver macrophages are termed Kupffer’s cells; those in the
lung are alveolar macrophages. The microglia represent
macrophages of the central nervous system. Histiocytes
represent macrophages of connective tissue. Tissue stem
cells are monocytes that wander from the blood into the tissues
and may differentiate into macrophages. Mononuclear
phagocytes have a variety of surface receptors that enable
them to bind carbohydrates or such protein molecules as C3
via complement receptor 1 and complement receptor 3, and
IgG and IgE through Fcγ and Fcε receptors. The surface
expression of MHC class II molecules enables both monocytes
and macrophages to serve as antigen-presenting cells
to CD4 + T lymphocytes. Mononuclear phagocytes secrete a
rich array of molecular substances with various functions:
interleukin-1; tumor necrosis factor α; interleukin-6; C2,
C3, C4, and factor B complement proteins; prostaglandins;
leukotrienes; and other substances.
monospecific antiserum
An antiserum against only a single antigen or epitope.
monovalent
Univalent; a combining power of one.
monovalent antiserum
A monospecific antiserum.
Luc Montagnier.
Montagnier, Luc
First to isolate the human immunodeficiency virus that
causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with
his colleagues F. Barre-Sanoussi and J. C. Chermann at
Institut Pasteur in Paris. They isolated the virus in early
1983 from a culture of activated T lymphocytes derived
from a lymph node biopsy of a homosexual patient with
lymphadenopathy. Montagnier is credited with the original
isolation. Another investigator, Robert Gallo of the United
States NIH, successfully propagated the virus in cell
culture and developed critically needed diagnostic tests.
Both groups made major contributions to AIDS biology.
Montagnier received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 2008, together with Francoise Barre-Sinoussi
for discovery of the AIDS virus.