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monoclonal antibody HECA-452 504 monoclonal immunoglobulin
Myeloma
cell line
Antigen
Hybridomas
Growth and cloning
PEG B cells
from spleen
direct immunotoxins or radioisotopes to tumor targets with
potential for tumor therapy.
monoclonal antibody HECA-452
An antibody that recognizes cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.
monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies to suppress
immune function, kill target cells, or treat specific inflammatory
diseases. MAbs demonstrate highly specific binding
to precise cellular or molecular targets. Because MAbs
are derived from mouse cells, they have the potential to
induce allergic reactions in recipients. They have multiple
uses in health care. For example, Edrecolomab ® is used
to treat solid tumors, Enlimomab ® is used to treat organ
transplant rejection, Infliximab ® is used to treat Crohn’s
disease and rheumatoid arthritis, OKT3 ® is used to treat
organ transplant rejection, Palivizumab ® is used for
respiratory syncytial virus, Rituxamab ® is used to treat
leukemias and lymphomas, Rhumabvegf ® is used to treat
solid tumors, and Transtuzumab ® is used to treat metastatic
breast cancer.
monoclonal anti-insulin antibody
An antibody used for the immunohistochemical localization
of the polypeptide hormone insulin that is the most
reliable means to accurately characterize the functional
repertoire of islet cell tumors. Islet cell neoplasms of the
pancreas appear as solitary or multiple circumscribed
lesions that contrast sharply with the neighboring pancreatic
parenchyma. These tumors are grouped on the basis of
their predominant secretory hormones. This monoclonal
antibody is used for the specific and qualitative localization
of insulin in routinely fixed paraffin-embedded or frozen
tissue sections.
Polyclonal serum
antibodies have
variable affinity
for epitope
Assay for
clone secreting
high-affinity
antibody to
specific epitope
Propagate
monoclonal gammopathy
A pathologic state characterized by a monoclonal immunoglobulin
(M component) in serum. Examples include
multiple myeloma, benign monoclonal gammopathy, and
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
(MGUS)
Benign monoclonal gammopathy. A condition in which
the serum contains an M component, serum albumin is
less than 2 g/dL, and no Bence–Jones protein is present
in the urine. There are no osteolytic lesions, and plasma
cells comprise less than 5% of bone marrow constituents.
Of these patients, 20 to 40% ultimately develop monoclonal
malignancies. When monoclonal spikes exceed
2 g/dL, other immunoglobulins decrease, and no Bence–
Jones protein appears in the urine, a condition that is
usually malignant. One to two percent of myelomas are
nonsecretory monoclonal gammopathies. More than
half of the patients with elevated monoclonal IgM have
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
(MGUS), with other cases evolving into Waldenström’s
macroglobulinemia and a few progressing to lymphoma or
chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
monoclonal immunoglobulin
A protein formed by an expanding clone of antibodysynthesizing
cells in the body of a patient with a tumor or a
benign condition. A classic example is multiple myeloma or
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, in which an expanded
clone of cells producing a homogeneous and uniform
immunoglobulin product can be demonstrated. A number
of tumors may stimulate monoclonal immunoglobulin synthesis.
These include adenocarcinoma and carcinoma of the