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MHC class III proteins 492 MHC restriction
lymphocyte syndrome, which is characterized by a lack of
MHC class II molecules on all cells.
MHC class III proteins
Murine S region genes and human MHC class III region
genes that encode these numerous proteins that participate
in immune response functions comprise this group that
includes complement; heat shock proteins; TNF; and LT.
MHC congenic mice
Mice that differ only at the major histocompatibility complex.
MHC disease associations
Refer to HLA disease association.
MHC functions
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules were
originally identified as strong histocompatibility antigens.
MHC class II glycoproteins were first described as immune
response (Ir) gene products. MHC class I and class II molecules
have a central immunological function of focusing
CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively, to the surfaces
of appropriate lymphocytes. The principal role of MHC
in immunity is to alert T cells to alterations in the surface
integrity of other cells so that they may be dealt with in a
manner appropriate for maintenance of the interior milieu.
MHC class I and class II molecules define self to the immune
system. They represent a self surveillance complex.
MHC-like proteins
Molecules with a structural and functional resemblance
to MHC proteins that are nonpolymorphic, including CD1
molecules, and are encoded independent of the MHC region.
MHC genes
Major histocompatibility complex genes. Genes that encode
the major (as opposed to minor) histocompatibility antigens
expressed on cell membranes. MHC genes in mice are
located at the H-2 locus on chromosome 17, whereas the
MHC genes in humans are located at the HLA locus on the
short arm of chromosome 6.
MHC haplotype
The set of genes in a haploid genome inherited from one
parent. Children of parents designated ab and cd will probably
be ac, ad, bc, or bd haplotypes.
MHC molecules
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded
glycoproteins that are highly polymorphic. They complex
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.
with immunogenic peptides for antigen presentation to T
lymphocytes. The two classes are designated MHC class I
and MHC class II, each of which has a different role in the
immune response. Also termed major histocompatibility
antigens, they serve as the principal alloantigens that are
the targets of rejection in tissue and organ transplantation.
MHC mutant mice
Mice that are mutant at one or more loci.
MHC peptide-binding specificity
The highly polymorphic membrane glycoprotein major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules bind peptide
fragments of proteins and display them for recognition by T
lymphocytes. Their raison d’etre is to present self antigens
in the thymus for tolerance induction and foreign antigens
in the periphery for immune responsiveness. The organism
distinguishes self from nonself through MHC peptide
recognition by T cells.
MHC–peptide tetramers
A molecular complex fastened together by fluorescent
streptavidin which possesses four binding sites for biotin.
The complex is attached to the tail of the MHC molecule.
This makes its possible to stain specific T lymphocytes in
any species.
MHC recombinant mice
Mice that have crossovers within the MHC.
MHC restriction
The recognition of antigen in the context of class I or class
II molecules by the T cell receptor for antigen. In the afferent
limb of the immune response, the presentation of antigen
at the surface of a macrophage, dendritic cell, or other
antigen-presenting cell to CD4 + T lymphocytes must be in
the context of MHC class II molecules for the CD4 + lymphocyte
to recognize the antigen and proliferate in response
to it. By contrast, cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T lymphocytes recognize
foreign antigens such as viral antigens on infected
target cells only in the context of class I MHC molecules.
Once this recognition system is in place, the cytotoxic T
cell can fatally injure the target cell through release of
perforin and granzyme molecules that penetrate the target
cell surfaces. T cells recognize a firm peptide antigen only
in the context of a specific allelic form of an MHC molecule
to which it is bound.