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mediastinal mass 485 Mediterranean lymphoma Eyes • Washing of tears • Lysozyme Respiratory tract • Mucus • Cilated epithelium • Alveolar macrophages Genitourinary tract • Washing of urine • Acidity of urine • Lysozyme • Vaginal lactic acid Intact skin Mucus Motion of cilia Coughing/sneezing Cell shedding Flushing of microbes by tears, saliva, urine, perspiration, other body fluids Emesis and diarrhea aid microbial elimination Mechanical barriers against infection. director of the Medical Research Council in 1962 and of the Clinical Research Center at Northwick Park in 1971. With Billingham and Brent, he made seminal discoveries in transplantation and immunobiology and described immunological tolerance and its importance for tissue transplantation. He shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology with Sir MacFarlane Burnett. mediastinal mass A structure situated in proximity to the heart and thymus that lies between the sternum and the vertebral column. Mediterranean lymphoma Refer to immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). External defense barriers of the human body. Skin • Anatomic barrier • Antimicrobial secretions Digestive tract • Stomach acidity • Normal flora Peter Brian Medawar. M
medulla 486 membrane attack complex (MAC) medulla The innermost or central region of an organ. The central area of a thymic lobe is the thymic medulla, which is rich in antigen-presenting cells derived from the bone marrow and medullary epithelial cells. Macrophages and plasma cells are rich in the lymph node medulla through which lymph passes en route to the efferent lymphatics. medullary cord A region of the lymph node medulla composed of macrophages and plasma cells that lies between the lymphatic sinusoids. medullary sinus Potential cavities in the lymph node medulla that receive lymph prior to its entering efferent lymphatics. medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) Refer to thymic epithelial cells. Megakaryocyte. megakaryocyte Relatively large bone marrow giant cells of myeloid lineage that are multinucleate and from which blood platelets are derived by the breaking up of membrane-bound cytoplasm to produce thrombocytes. MEL-14 A selectin on the surfaces of lymphocytes significant in lymphocyte interaction with endothelial cells of peripheral lymph nodes. Selectins are important for adhesion despite shear forces associated with circulating blood. MEL-14 is lost from the surfaces of both granulocytes and T lymphocytes following their activation. It combines with phosphorylated oligosaccharides. MEL-14 antibody A gp90 receptor that permits lymphocyte binding to peripheral lymph node high endothelial venules. Immature double-negative thymocytes comprise cells that vary from high to low in MEL-14 content. The gp90 MEL-14 epitope is a glycoprotein on murine lymph node lymphocyte surfaces. MEL-14 antibody prevents these lymphocytes from binding to postcapillary venules. The gp90 MEL-14 is apparently a lymphocyte homing receptor that directs these cells to lymph nodes in preference to lymphoid tissue associated with the gut. melanization reaction Refer to ProPO system. melanocyte A melanin pigment-producing cell of the skin. melanoma Malignant tumors of melanocytes in the skin. melanoma antigen-1 gene See MAGE-1. melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) Antigens associated with the aggressive, malignant, and metastatic tumors arising from melanocytes or melanocyte-associated nevus cells. Monoclonal antibodies have identified more than 40 MAAs. They are classified as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, cation binding proteins, growth factor receptors, gangliosides, high molecular weight extracellular matrix-binding molecules, and nevomelanocyte differentiation antigens. Some of the antigens are expressed on normal cells; others are expressed on tumor cells. Melanoma patient blood sera often contain anti-MAA antibodies that are regrettably not protective. Monoclonal antibodies against MAAs aid studies on the biology of tumor progression, immunodiagnosis, and immunotherapy trials. melanoma growth stimulatory activity See MGSA. melanosome A melanocyte organelle linked to the endocytic pathway that is charged with synthesis of pigment proteins. HOOC CH NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl CH 2 CH 2 Cl Structure of melphalan (l-phenylalanine mustard). melphalan (l-phenylalanine mustard) Nitrogen mustard used to treat multiple myeloma patients. Membrane perforations resulting from membrane attack complex (MAC) action. membrane attack complex (MAC) Five terminal proteins (C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9) associate into a membrane attack complex (MAC) on a target cell membrane to mediate injury. Initiation of MAC assembly begins with C5 cleavage into C5a and C5b fragments. A (C5b678) 1(C9) n complex then forms either on natural membranes or, in their absence, in combination with such plasma inhibitors as lipoproteins, antithrombin III, and S protein. C9 and C8 α proteins resemble each other structurally and also in sequence homologies. Both bind N
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ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF IMMUNOLOG
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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Preface The splendid reception of t
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Illustration Credits Figure for C1
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Figure for Sustiva ® (efavirenz ca
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α helix 2 αβ TCR checkpoint muco
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abzyme 4 accessory molecules Trypan
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acetaldehyde adduct autoantibodies
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acquired immunity 8 activated lymph
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acute cellular rejection 10 acute d
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acute graft-vs.-host reaction 12 ac
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acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
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acute poststreptococcal glomerulone
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acyclic adenosine monophosphate (cA
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adhesion receptors 20 adjuvant ICAM
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adoptive immunization 22 adoptive t
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afferent lymphatic vessels 24 agar
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agretope 26 AIDS belt exposure to c
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airway hyper-responsiveness 28 alka
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allergic contact dermatitis 30 allo
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allophonic mouse 32 allotype suppre
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alternative complement pathway 34 a
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ALVAC 36 aminoethylcarbazole (AEC)
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amphiregulin 38 amyloid P component
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anaphylactoid reaction 40 anaphylax
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aneuploidy 42 angioimmunoblastic ly
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ankylosing spondylitis 44 antibodie
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antibody-dependent cell-mediated cy
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antibody unit 48 anti-CD5 monoclona
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anti-Clq antibody 50 anti-double-st
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antigen-binding site 52 antigen pre
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antigen-presenting cell (APC) 54 an
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antigenic gain 56 antigenic peptide
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antiglial fibrillary acidic protein
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anti-human cytokeratin 7 antibody 6
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anti-human prostatic acid phosphata
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antimuscle actin primary antibody 6
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antinucleosome antibodies 66 antipa
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antiprogesterone receptor antibody
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antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 70 AP-
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apoptosis 72 apoptosis Four caspase
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apoptosis, caspase pathway 74 apopt
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apoptosis, positive induction 76 ar
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Arthus reaction 78 artificially acq
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aspirin sensitivity reaction 80 ath
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Auer rods 82 autoantibodies, virus
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autochthonous 84 autogenous vaccine
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autoimmune complement fixation reac
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autoimmune uveoretinitis 88 avian i
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avidity hypothesis 90 AZT Percent A
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B7.2 costimulatory molecule 92 B ce
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B cell coreceptor 94 B cell lymphop
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B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR)
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ackcross 98 bacterial immunity Euka
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actericidin 100 BALB/c mice bacteri
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asophil 102 Bcl-2 family A peripher
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enign 104 bentonite (Al 2O 3·4SiO
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β 1H 106 bifunctional antibodies
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iotin-avidin system 108 bispecific
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lood group antigens 110 BLR-1/MDR-1
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ooster phenomenon 112 botulinum tox
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equinar sodium (BQR) 114 Bretscher-
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Brucella vaccine 116 bullous pemphi
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ursa of Fabricius 118 butterfly ras
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c allotype A rabbit immunoglobulin
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C1q deficiency 123 C2 and B genes C
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C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) 125 C3d
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C4d 127 C6 deficiency Immunofluores
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C9 deficiency 129 calcineurin above
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Calmette, Albert (1863-1933) 131 Ca
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caprinized vaccine 133 carbohydrate
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cardiolipin 135 cartilaginous fish
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Castleman’s disease 137 catalytic
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CD1a 139 CD3 α C1 COOH β m shown
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CD4 molecule 141 CD8 CD4 molecule E
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CD15 (Leu M1) 143 CD20 primary anti
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CD23(1B12) 145 CD32 stronger staini
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CD42c 147 CD45RO 170 kDa. CD42b has
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CD56 149 CD71 CD56 A 220/135-kDa mo
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CD93 151 CDw116 CD93 A 120-kDa anti
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CDw149 (redesignated CD47R) 153 CD1
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CD236R 155 CD278 CD236R A 32-kDa an
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CD314 157 CD350 CD314 A 42-kDa anti
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cell-bound antibody (cell-fixed ant
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cellular hypersensitivity 161 c-erb
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chemokine β receptor-like 1 163 ch
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chemotactic peptide 165 Chido (Ch)
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cholera vaccine 167 chromogranin mo
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chronic and cyclic neutropenia 169
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia 171 ch
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circulating anticoagulant 173 Clado
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class I region 175 class II MHC mol
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classical C3 convertase 177 classic
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clonal selection theory 179 Clostri
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cobra venom factor (CVF) 181 coelom
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collagen (type I, II, and III) auto
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combination vaccine 185 common lymp
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complement activation 187 complemen
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complement membrane attack complex
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concanavalin A (con A) 191 congenic
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consensus sequence 193 contact sens
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control tolerance 195 Coons, Albert
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corneal transplantation 197 cortico
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cowpox 199 C-reactive protein (CRP)
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cromolyn 201 cross tolerance cromol
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cryptodeterminant 203 cutaneous ana
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cyclooxygenase pathway 205 cyclospo
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CYNAP phenomenon 207 cytokeratin (3
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cytokine assays 209 cytokine-specif
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cytopathic effect (of viruses) 211
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cytotoxicity tests 213 cytotropic a
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Dameshek, William (1900-1969) 216 d
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decomplementation 218 degranulation
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delayed xenograft rejection 220 den
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density gradient centrifugation 222
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designer lymphocytes 224 desotope T
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dhobi itch 226 diathelic immunizati
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differentiation antigen 228 Dimsdal
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diphtheria toxoid 230 direct tag as
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diversity 232 DNA laddering Formati
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Doherty, Peter (1940-) 234 dot DAT
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doubling dilution 236 drug-induced
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dye exclusion test 238 dysgammaglob
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EAE 240 Echinococcus immunity and c
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Edelman, Gerald Maurice (1929-) 242
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EIA 244 Elek plate e a e I d b a c
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ENA autoantibodies 246 endocytosis
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endoplasmic reticulum autoantibodie
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enzyme immunoassay (EIA) 250 eosino
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eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 252 epithel
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equilibrium constant 254 erythema n
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etanercept (injection) 256 exon for
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experimental autoimmune sialoadenit
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F-actin Actin molecules in a dual-s
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factor H deficiency 263 Faenia rect
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Farr technique 265 Fasciola immunit
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FcμR 267 Fc receptors on human T c
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Fcγ R 269 feline immunity Fc R The
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Feulgen reaction 271 fibrin villous
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filariasis 273 fish immunity filari
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flame cells 275 FLIP/FLAM 95 40 78
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Flt3 ligand 277 fluorescein isothio
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fluorescence treponemal antibody te
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follicular lymphoma 281 foscarnet i
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freemartin 283 functional affinity
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fusin 285 fyn fusin A receptor pres
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γδ T cells 288 gastric cell cAMP-
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gene amplification 290 gene escape
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genetic polymorphism 292 genotype D
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Ghon complex 294 globulin Richard K
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glucocorticoids (GCs) 296 Gm alloty
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Golgi apparatus 298 Goodpasture’s
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gp41 300 graft changed the understa
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graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) 302 granul
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granulomatous hepatitis 304 Guillai
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H-2 complex Murine major histocompa
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HALV (human AIDS-lymphotrophic viru
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Hassall’s corpuscles 311 HAT medi
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HCC-1 313 heavy chain diseases In t
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helminth 315 hematopoiesis thereby
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hemolysis 317 hemolytic plaque assa
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hepatitis A, inactivated and hepati
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hepatitis serology 321 herpes gesta
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herpesvirus-8 immunity 323 heteroph
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high endothelial postcapillary venu
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histamine-releasing factor 327 hist
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histoplasmin 329 HIV-1 genes G-O HL
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HIV infection 331 HLA Nuclear magne
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HLA allelic variation 333 HLA class
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HLA-DP subregion 335 HLA-DR antigen
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HLA type 337 homing Wells for diffe
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homologous recombination pathway 33
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HSC mobilization 341 (quadrivalent,
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HUT 78 343 hybrid resistance Baseme
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hyperacute xenograft rejection 345
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hypersensitivity angiitis 347 hypog
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I-309 A chemokine of the β (CC) fa
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idiotype suppression 351 Igα and I
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IgM 353 IL4 have recurrent respirat
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immediate spin cross match 355 immu
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immune exclusion 357 immune-neuroen
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immune response (Ir) genes 359 immu
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immunoblast 361 immunocytoadherence
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immunodeficiency associated with he
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immunoenhancement 365 immunofluores
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immunoglobulin A (IgA) 367 immunogl
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immunoglobulin δ chain 369 immunog
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immunoglobulin G (IgG) 371 immunogl
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immunoglobulin M (IgM) 373 immunogl
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immunoglobulin monomer 375 immunogl
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immunoglobulin structure 377 immuno
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immunologic facilitation (facilitat
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immunologist 381 immunophenotyping
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immunoprophylaxis 383 immunoregulat
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immunotactoid glomerulopathy 385 in
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indirect tag assays 387 infectious
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inflammatory myopathy 389 influenza
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influenza virus vaccine 391 innate
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instructive theory of antibody form
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interallelic conversion 395 intercr
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interferon γ-1b (injection) 397 in
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interleukin-1 receptor antagonist p
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interleukin-2 receptor α subunit (
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interleukin-5 (IL5; eosinophil diff
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interleukin-6 receptor 405 interleu
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interleukin-8 receptor, type A (IL8
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interleukin-11 receptor (IL11R) 409
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interleukin-15 (IL15) 411 interleuk
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interleukin-20 (IL20) 413 interleuk
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interleukin-33 (IL33) 415 intracell
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invariant (Ii) chain 417 invariant
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iridovirus immunity 419 islet cell
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isoelectric point (pI) 421 isotypes
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Disulfide bonds β pleated sheets C
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Jerne network theory 425 Jo-1 syndr
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jugular bodies 427 juvenile rheumat
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kallidin 430 Kawasaki’s disease E
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Kidd blood group system 432 kinetoc
Page 449 and 450: KLH 434 Koprowski, Hilary (1916-) p
Page 451 and 452: Kupffer’s cell 436 Kveim reaction
Page 453 and 454: lamina propria 438 laminin receptor
Page 455 and 456: Landsteiner’s rule (historical) 4
Page 457 and 458: LATS (long-acting thyroid stimulato
Page 459 and 460: lectin-like receptors 444 lepra cel
Page 461 and 462: leukemia 446 leukemia viruses Leuke
Page 463 and 464: leukocyte culture 448 leukocytoclas
Page 465 and 466: levamisole 450 Levine, Philip Phili
Page 467 and 468: light chain deficiencies 452 light
Page 469 and 470: linked recognition 454 linked recog
Page 471 and 472: linked suppression 456 Listeria imm
Page 473 and 474: liver-kidney microsome 1 (LKM-1) au
Page 475 and 476: LPS-binding protein (LBP) 460 lupus
Page 477 and 478: lymphatic system 462 lymph node cau
Page 479 and 480: lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF)
Page 481 and 482: lymphocyte homing 466 lymphocyte tr
Page 483 and 484: lymphocytotoxin 468 lymphoid tissue
Page 485 and 486: lysogeny 470 lytic granules lysogen
Page 487 and 488: macrophage 472 macrophage INFγ Mac
Page 489 and 490: macrophage colony-stimulating facto
Page 491 and 492: macrophage migration test 476 Madse
Page 493 and 494: major histocompatibility complex cl
Page 495 and 496: MART-1 (M2-7C10), mouse 480 mast ce
Page 497 and 498: maternal antibodies 482 matrix meta
Page 499: M component 484 Medawar, Peter Bria
Page 503 and 504: membrane cofactor of proteolysis (M
Page 505 and 506: mesangial phagocytes 490 methotrexa
Page 507 and 508: MHC class III proteins 492 MHC rest
Page 509 and 510: microinjection 494 microorganisms M
Page 511 and 512: MiHA 496 Miller-Fisher syndrome (MF
Page 513 and 514: MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory prot
Page 515 and 516: mixed agglutination 500 mixed lymph
Page 517 and 518: Mo1 502 molecular (DNA) typing (seq
Page 519 and 520: monoclonal antibody HECA-452 504 mo
Page 521 and 522: monoclonal immunoglobulin 506 monoc
Page 523 and 524: monogamous multivalency 508 monomer
Page 525 and 526: mononuclear phagocyte 510 Montagnie
Page 527 and 528: μ heavy chain disease 512 mucosal
Page 529 and 530: multiple autoimmune disorder (MAD)
Page 531 and 532: muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 516 myasthe
Page 533 and 534: Mycoplasma-AIDS link 518 myelin aut
Page 535 and 536: myelogenous leukemia 520 myocardial
Page 538 and 539: N addition Appending nucleotides by
Page 540 and 541: natural killer gene complex (NKC) 5
Page 542 and 543: N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 527
Page 544 and 545: neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (N
Page 546 and 547: neutrophil activating protein 1 (NA
Page 548 and 549: Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) 53
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nonresponder 535 normal lymphocyte
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nuclear matrix protein 537 nutritio
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O125 (ovarian celomic) Nonmucinous
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oncogene 541 one-turn recombination
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oral tolerance 543 Orthoclone OKT®
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Oudin, Jacques (1908-1986) 545 ovar
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owl eye appearance 547 oxygen-depen
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P Abbreviation for properdin. Also
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palivizumab (injection) 551 PAP (pe
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papain hydrolysis 553 paracrine fac
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parasite immunity 555 parietal cell
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passive agglutination test 557 pass
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Pasteurella immunity 559 pathogen-a
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PCP 561 pemphigus foliaceus PCP Abb
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penicillin hypersensitivity 563 pep
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Percoll® 565 peripheral lymphoid o
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persistent generalized lymphadenopa
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phagocyte disorders 569 phagocytosi
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phagolysosome 571 phorbol ester(s)
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phytoimmunity 573 pituitary autoant
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plaque-forming cells 575 plasma cel
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plasmid 577 platelet antigens plasm
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PMN 579 POEMS syndrome PMN Abbrevia
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polyagglutination 581 polyclonal ly
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polymeric Ig 583 polymyositis (PM)
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positive induction apoptosis 585 po
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preactivation 587 pre-B cell recept
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precipitation in gel media 589 prec
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Pressman, David 591 primary biliary
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primary tumor 593 private specifici
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progressive transformation of germi
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prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) 59
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protein S 599 protoplast protein S
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pseudoallergy 601 psoriasis vulgari
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purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PN
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Q fever An acute disease caused by
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R5 viruses CCR5-binding HIV strains
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adioimmunodiffusion test 609 radiol
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Raji cell assay for CIC 611 rapamyc
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RB200 613 reactive oxygen species (
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ecombinant vaccine 615 refractory c
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elative risk (RR) 617 reptile immun
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estitope 619 reticulin autoantibodi
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etrovirus 621 reverse transcriptase
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hesus blood group system 623 rhesus
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heumatoid arthritis cell (RA cell)
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Ricinus communis 627 RNA polymerase
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Rood, J. J. van 629 Rose-Waaler tes
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RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test 631
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Sabin-Feldman dye test 634 SAMS loc
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sarcoma 636 scavenger receptors Ope
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schlepper 638 scratch test schleppe
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secondary immune response 640 secre
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secretory piece 642 selective IgA d
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self antigen 644 senescent cell ant
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sequential determinant 646 serology
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serum sickness 648 severe combined
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Sézary syndrome 650 Shwartzman (or
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sia test (historical) 652 side chai
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signal sequence 654 single cysteine
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Sips distribution 656 Sjögren’s
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skin-reactive factor (SRF) 658 slow
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smooth muscle antibodies (SMAs) 660
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soluble cytokine receptors 662 spec
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spectrotype 664 splenic cords spect
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spontaneous cancer 666 SS-A/Ro in t
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steric hindrance 668 Streptococcus
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Strongyloides immunity 670 superant
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suppressor T cells (Ts cells) 672 S
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SXY-CIITA regulatory system 674 syn
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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T1DM Abbreviation for type 1 diabet
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Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (uromodu
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T cell antigen-specific suppressor
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T cell receptor (TCR) 685 T cell re
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T cell tolerance 687 telencephalin
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terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfera
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tetanus toxoid 691 Th cells tetanus
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T h1 cells 693 Theiler’s virus my
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three-signal model of lymphocyte ac
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thymic humoral factors (THFs) 697 t
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thymus 699 thymus Marrow stem cell
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thymus cell differentiation 701 thy
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thymus-independent (TI) antigen 703
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tissue transglutaminase autoantibod
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T lymphocyte antigen receptor (TCR)
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tolerosome 709 tonsil Susumu Tonega
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toxin-1 (TSST-1) 711 TRALI (transfu
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TRANCE (RANK ligand) 713 transformi
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transgenes 715 translation chills,
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T reg cells 717 triple response of
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tuberculin hypersensitivity 719 tum
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tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL
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tumor necrosis factor (TNF) recepto
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type I cytokine receptors 725 type
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type II interferon 727 type III imm
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typhus vaccination 729 tyrosine kin
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ulcerative colitis (immunologic col
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US28 734 uveitis Rhus toxicodendron
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valence 736 varicella valence The n
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vascular permeability factors 738 V
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venom 740 V gene Ileum Lumen the fi
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Videx® 742 viral hemagglutination
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vitamin B and immunity 744 vitronec
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Vpr (HIV) 746 V T region of lysis o
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warm antibody 748 Wegener’s granu
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Whipple’s disease 750 Winn assay
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Wu-Kabat plot 752 W, X, Y boxes (MH
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xenotype 754 X-linked lymphoprolife
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Rosalyn Sussman Yalow. Yalow, Rosal
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zinc and immunity 760 zinc and immu
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Appendix I Expression On most cells
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Appendix I 765 Mouse CD Chart Antig
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Page 784 and 785:
Page 786 and 787:
Page 788 and 789:
Page 790 and 791:
Page 792 and 793:
Page 794:
Activation unit Appendix II Complem
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III Appendix III 782 Cytokines and
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Appendix IV Chemokines and Their Re
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Appendix V Human Leukocyte Differen
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Appendix V 789 Human Leukocyte Diff
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Page 808 and 809:
Page 810 and 811:
Page 812 and 813:
Page 814 and 815:
Page 816:
Page 819:
Editorial Staff Jeanann Lovell Sugg
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