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Mancini test 479 marsupial immunity
greatly facilitated elucidation of human immunity through
inbred and transgenic mouse research. Whereas rats have
powerful natural immunity, other mammals such as whales
and Syrian hamsters manifest little MHC polymorphism.
Mancini test
Single radial diffusion test.
mannan-binding protein (Man-BP)
A substance that induces carbohydrate-mediated activation
of complement, in contrast to complement activation mediated
by immune complexes which is initiated by C1q. For
example, the inability to opsonize Saccharomyces cerevisiae
may be attributable to Man-BP deficiency. Alveolar
macrophage mannose receptors facilitate ingestion of
Pneumocystis carinii.
mannose-binding lectin (MBL)
A plasma protein also known as collectin binds mannose
residues on bacterial cell walls, thereby acting as an opsonin
to facilitate phagocytosis of the bacterium by macrophages.
A surface receptor for Clq on macrophage surfaces also
binds MBL and facilitates phagocytosis of the opsonized
microorganisms. Union with the mannose-binding lectin
activates lectin-mediated complement activation. Also called
mannose-binding protein (MBP) and mannan-binding lectin.
mannose-binding protein pathway
Refer to lectin-mediated pathway.
Mannose-receptor complexed with acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate.
mannose receptor
A lectin or carbohydrate-binding receptor on macrophages
that binds mannose and fucose residues on cell wall microorganisms,
thereby facilitating their phagocytosis.
mantle
A dense zone of lymphocytes that encircles a germinal center.
mantle zone
The rim of a B lymphocyte that encircles lymphoid follicles.
The function and role of mantle zone lymphocytes
remain to be determined.
mantle zone lymphoma
A type of follicular lymphoma of intermediate grade. Small
lymphocyte proliferation in the mantle zone encircling benign
germinal centers, splenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy
are present. Histopathologically, B cells vary in
size from small to relatively large blasts containing clumped
chromatin. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is usually present.
Mantoux test
A type of tuberculin reaction in which an intradermal
injection of tuberculin tests for cell-mediated immunity. A
positive test signifies delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity to
Mantle zone.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which indicates previous or
current infection with this microorganism.
MAPK
Abbreviation for mitogen-activated protein kinase. Refer
also to Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
Marek’s disease
A lymphoproliferative disease of chickens induced by a
herpesvirus. Demyelination may occur as a consequence of
autoimmune lymphocyte reactivity.
marginal zone
Exterior layer of lymphoid follicles of the spleen where
T and B lymphocytes are loosely arranged encircling the
periarterial lymphatic sheath. When antigens are injected
intravenously, macrophages in this area actively phagocytize
them. Marginal zone macrophages are especially adept
at trapping polysaccharide antigens on their surfaces, where
they may persist for long periods and be recognized by
specific B cells or conveyed into follicles.
marginal zone B cells
A B cell subset present in the marginal zone that encircles
splenic lymphoid follicles. It plays a significant role during
the early adaptive immune response to immunogens, principally
Ti antigens. They are precursors of abbreviated life
span plasma cells in the spleen but not memory cells.
margination
The adherence of leukocytes in the peripheral blood to the
endothelia of vessel walls. Adherence to post-capillary
venule endothelium occurs in three phases: selectin-mediated
binding, integrin-mediated activation, and arrest and
flattening that are activation-dependent. Approximately
50% of polymorphonuclear neutrophils marginate at one
time. Margination of leukocytes occurs during inflammation,
followed by their migration out of the vessels.
Marrack, John Richardson (1899–1976)
British physician who served as a professor of chemical
pathology at Cambridge and at London Hospital. He
hypothesized that antibodies are bivalent, labeled antibodies
with colored dyes, and proposed a lattice theory
of antigen–antibody complex formation in fundamental
physicochemical studies.
marsupial immunity
Opossums have been studied as representatives of the marsupialia.
At birth, the pouch neonates are immunologically
incompetent and antigenically inexperienced; they must
develop immune competence without delay. This is facilitated
by a rapidly developing thymus in a cervical location.
Whereas some species may pass maternal antibodies across
M