Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

MAF 477 major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Thorvald Madsen.
MAF
Macrophage-activating factor.
MAGE-1
Melanoma antigen 1 gene derived from a malignant melanoma
cell line in humans. It codes for an epitope recognized
by a cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone specific for melanoma.
This clone was isolated from a patient bearing melanoma.
MAGE-1 protein
A protein found on one half of all melanomas and one
fourth of all breast carcinomas but not expressed on the
majority of normal tissues. Even though MAGE-1 has not
been shown to induce tumor rejection, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
in patients with melanoma manifest specific memory
for MAGE-1 protein.
François Magendie.
Magendie, François (1783–1855)
French physician who in 1837 noted the violent death of
rabbits following repeated injections of egg albumin and
published his findings in 1839. This was the first observation
of anaphylaxis in rabbits.
magic bullet
A term coined by Paul Ehrlich in 1900 to describe the
affinity of a drug for a particular target. He developed 606
(salvarsan), an arsenical preparation, to treat syphilis. In
immunology, the term describes a substance that may be
directed to a target by a specific antibody and injure the
target after it arrives. Monoclonal antibodies have been
linked to toxins such as diphtheria toxin or ricin, as well as
to cytokines, for use as magic bullets.
MAIDS
Abbreviation for (1) murine acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, and (2) monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies.
MAIS complex
Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare/scrofulaceum. Three
species of mycobacteria that express the same antigens and
lipids on their surfaces and exhibit the same biochemical
reactions, antibiotic susceptibility, and pigment formation.
They frequently occur together clinically. MAIS complex is
relatively rare; it occurs in 5 to 8% of AIDS patients when
their CD4 + T lymphocyte levels diminish to fewer than 100
cells per cubic millimeter of blood. Affected patients have
persistent diarrhea, night sweats and fever, abdominal pain,
anemia, and extrahepatic obstruction. Ciproflozacin, clofazimine,
ethambutol, rifampicin, rifabutin, clarithromycin,
and azithromycin have been used in treatment.
major basic protein (MBP)
A 10- to 15-kDa protein present in eosinophilic granules
that is released when eosinophils are activated. It causes
mast cell degranulation. It has an isoelectric point that
exceeds pH 10, thus the inclusion of basic in its name. MBP
induces injury to the bronchial epithelium and is linked to
asthma. When inoculated intracutaneously, it can induce a
wheal-and-flare response. It induces tissue injury in allergic
and inflammatory diseases.
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
A locus on a chromosome composed of multiple genes
encoding histocompatibility antigens that are cell-surface
glycoproteins. MHC genes encode both class I and class II
MHC antigens. These antigens play critical roles in interactions
among immune system cells, such as class II antigen
participation in antigen presentation by macrophages
to CD4 + lymphocytes and the participation of MHC class
I antigens in cytotoxicity mediated by CD8 + T lymphocytes
against target cells such as those infected by viruses,
as well as various other immune reactions. MHC genes
are very polymorphic and also encode a third category
of class III molecules that include complement proteins
C2, C4, and factor B; P-450 cytochrome 21-hydroxylase;
tumor necrosis factor; and lymphotoxin. The MHC locus
is designated HLA in humans, H2 in mice, B in chickens,
DLA in dogs, GPLA in guinea pigs, and RT1 in rats. The
mouse and human MHC loci are the most widely studied.
When organs are transplanted across major MHC locus
differences between donor and recipient, graft rejection is
prompt.
M