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macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) 474 macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α)
Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).
Resolution = 2.5 Å.
Cys
96
Cys
54
COOH
Cys
121
Cys
88
NH 2
Three-dimensional structure of dimeric human recombinant macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; α form, soluble). Resolution = 2.5 Å.
macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
Facilitates growth, differentiation, and survival and serves as
an activating mechanism for macrophages and their precursors.
It is derived from numerous sources such as lymphocytes,
monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial
cells, osteoblasts, and myoblasts. X-ray crystallography of
recombinant CSF reveals a structure in which four α helices
are placed end to end in two bundles. Human and mouse
M-CSF share 82% homology in the N terminal 227 amino
acids of the mature sequence; there is only 47% homology
in the remainder of the molecular structure. M-CSF derived
from humans and from mice was formerly called colonystimulating
factor 1 (CSF-1). M-CSF is homodimeric and is
secreted as an 80- to 100-kDa glycoprotein or a 130- to 160kDa
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, or it is expressed as
a biologically active, cell surface membrane, 68- to 86-kDa
glycoprotein. Both forms are present in the blood circulation.
The cell surface participates in local regulation, but the
proteoglycan form may be sequestered to specific sites. The
CSF-1 receptor mediates the effects of CSF-1. This receptor
is expressed on osteoclasts and tissue macrophages, their
precursors, embryonic cells, decidual cells, and trophoblasts.
Circulating CSF-1 is postulated to be derived from endothelial
cells that line small blood vessels.
Macrophage cytophilic antibody.
macrophage cytophilic antibody
A cytophilic antibody that becomes anchored to the Fc
receptors on macrophage surfaces. It can be demonstrated
by the immunocytoadherence test.
macrophage functional assays
Tests of macrophage function. (1) Chemotaxis, in which
macrophages are placed in one end of a Boyden chamber
and a chemoattractant is added to the other end; macrophage
migration toward the chemoattractant is assayed.
(2) Lysis, in which macrophages acting against radiolabeled
tumor cells or bacterial cells in suspension can be measured
after suitable incubation by measuring the radioactivity of
the supernatant. (3) Phagocytosis, in which the radioactivity
of macrophages that have ingested a radiolabeled target can
be assayed.
macrophage immunity
Cellular immunity.
macrophage inflammatory peptide 2 (MIP-2)
Interleukin-8 (IL8) type II receptor competitor and
chemoattractant also involved in hematopoietic colony
formation as a costimulator. It also degranulates murine
neutrophils. The inflammatory activities of MIP-2 are very
similar to those of IL8.
macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1)
A chemokine of the β (CC) family and endogenous feverinducing
substance that binds heparin and is resistant to
cyclooxygenase inhibition. Macrophages stimulated by