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macrophage-activating factor (MAF) 473 macrophage chemotactic factors (MCFs)
Secreted products of macrophages that have a protective effect on the body.
Resting macrophage
20 µm
Macrophage.
Activated macrophage
Macrophage-histiocyte in bone marrow.
and the ability to kill tumor cells. Macrophages are known
by different names according to the tissue in which they are
found such as the microglia of the central nervous system,
Kupffer cells of the liver, alveolar macrophages of the lung,
and osteoclasts in the bone.
macrophage-activating factor (MAF)
A lymphokine such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that accentuates
the ability of macrophages to kill microbes and tumor cells;
a lymphokine that enhances the phagocytic activity of a
macrophage and bactericidal and tumoricidal properties.
macrophage activation
Multiple processes are involved in stimulation of macrophages
including increases in size and number of
cytoplasmic granules and a spread of membrane ruffling.
Functional alterations include elevated metabolism and
transport of amino acids and glucose, increased enzymatic
activity, and an elevation in the number of prostaglandins,
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), plasminogen
activator, intracellular calcium ions, phagocytosis, and
pinocytosis and ability to lyse bacteria and tumor cells.
macrophage chemotactic and activating factor
(MCAF or MCP-1)
A chemoattractant and activator of macrophages produced
by fibroblasts, monocytes, and endothelial cells as a result of
exogenous stimuli and endogenous cytokines such as tumor
necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL1), and PDGF. It also
has a role in activating monocytes to release an enzyme that
is cytostatic for some tumor cells. MCAF also plays a role
in endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1)
and CD11a and b surface expression in monocytes and is
a potent degranulator of basophils. MCP-1 is a member of
the chemokine β family and has a CC (cysteine–cysteine)
amino acid sequence. It is chemotactic toward monocytes
in vivo and in vitro, and activates monocytes. It shares 21%
amino acid sequence homology with IL8. The 76-amino-acid
mature form is derived from a 99-amino acid precursor. The
MCP-1 receptor (CCR2A CCR2B) is a seven-transmembrane
spanning G protein-coupled molecule of 39 kDa with
homology to other cyokine receptors. Various normal and
malignant cell types synthesize MCP-1, which can induce
chemotaxis, enzyme release, and increased β 2-integrin cell
adhesion molecule expression in monocytes and facilitate
monocyte cytostatic activity against tumor cells activated by
oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL).
macrophage chemotactic factors (MCFs)
Cytokines that act with macrophages to facilitate migration.
The group includes interleukins and interferons.
COOH
α
COOH
γ
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).
M