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M13 bacteriophage
An Escherichia coli bacteriophage that contains singlestranded,
circular DNA. It is male-specific and infects E. coli
by linking to the F pili on bacterial cell surfaces. Viral DNA
becomes double-stranded after entering a host cell and
replicates quickly. M13 bacteriophage has been popular as
a cloning vector because of the ease of obtaining single- or
double-stranded DNA with it. Double-stranded DNA isolated
from bacterial cells can be employed to prepare recombinants
in vitro. Single-stranded DNA from phage can be employed
as a template for DNA sequencing. Due to the filamentous
structure of M13, it can house variable quantities of DNA.
mAb
Abbreviation for monoclonal antibody.
MAC
(1) Abbreviation for membrane attack complex of the
complement system. (2) Mycobacterium avium complex,
a systemic infection that regularly affects subjects with
AIDS, up to 66% of whom still have peripheral blood CD4 +
T lymphocytes. Infection with this complex is a clear indication
of immunosuppression. MAC is successfully treated
with clarithromycin.
MAC-1.
α β
MAC-1
A monoclonal antibody specific for macrophages.
Mackay, Ian
Widely known for his investigations of autoimmunity and
autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune liver disease.
M
Ian Mackay.
He described lupoid hepatitis, believed to result from autoimmunization.
He and Noel R. Rose are the authors of multiple
editions of a famous textbook about autoimmune diseases.
macroglobulin
A relatively high molecular weight serum protein.
Macroglobulins have a sedimentation coefficient of 18 to
20 S and high carbohydrate content. Each type of macroglobulin
belongs to a particular immunoglobulin (Ig)
class and is more homogeneous than the Igs resulting from
immune responses. Elevated levels appear on electrophoresis
as sharp peaks in the migration area of the corresponding
Ig class. Macroglobulins are monoclonal in origin
and restricted to one κ or λ light chain type. The level of
macroglobulins increases significantly in lymphocytic and
plasmolytic disorders such as multiple myeloma or leukemia.
It also increases in some collagen diseases, reticulosis,
chronic infectious states, and carcinoma. The 820- and
900-kDa IgM molecules are both α 2 macroglobulins.
macroglobulinemia
The presence of greater than normal levels of macroglobulins
in the blood.
macroglobulinemia of Waldenström
A condition usually of older men in which monoclonal
immunoglobulin M (IgM) is detected in the serum and
elevated numbers of lymphoid cells and plasmacytoid
lymphocytes expressing cytoplasmic IgM are found in the
bone marrow; however, these subjects do not exhibit the
osteolytic lesions observed in multiple myeloma. Due to
the high molecular weight of the IgM and increased levels
of this immunoglobulin, blood viscosity increases, leading
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