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lysogeny 470 lytic granules
lysogeny
The condition in which a viral genome (provirus) is associated
with the genome of the host in such a manner that the
genes of the virus remain unexpressed.
Ingestion
Factor
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin,
transferrin
Lactoperoxidase
Phagosome
Secondary
lysosome
Lysosome.
Function
Catalyzes hydrolysis
of cell wall mucopeptide
Binds iron and
competes with
microorganisms
for it
May be inhibitory to
many microorganisms
Beta-lysin Effective mainly
against grampositive
bacteria
Chemotactic factors
Properdin
Interferons
Defensins
Induce reorientation
and directed
migration of PMNs,
monocytes, and
other cells
Activates
complement in
the absence of
antibody-antigen
complex
Act as immunomodulators
to
increase the
activities of
macrophages
Block cell transport
activities
Golgi body
Primary Iysosome
Digestion
Source
Cell waste
release
Tears, saliva, nasal
secretions, body fluids,
lysosomal granules
Specific granules of
PMNs
Milk and saliva
Thrombocytes, normal
serum
Bacterial substances and
products of cell injury
and denatured proteins
Normal plasma
Leukocytes, fibroblasts,
natural killer cells, T
cells
Polymorphonuclear
granules
Nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms.
lysosome
A cytoplasmic organelle enclosed by a membrane
that contains multiple hydrolytic enzymes including
ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, glycosidase,
collagenase, arylsulfatase, and cathepsins.
Lysosomes occur in numerous cells but are especially
prominent in neutrophils and macrophages. The enzymes
are critical for intracellular digestion. Lysosomes participate
in antigen processing by the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class II pathway. Refer also to phagosome
and phagocytosis.
lysozyme (muraminidase)
A cationic, low molecular weight enzyme found in egg
white, tears, nasal secretions, body fluids, lysosomal
granules, on skin, and in lesser amounts in serum that
leads to hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bond that joins
N-acetylmuramic acid with N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial
cell wall mucopeptides. This causes osmotic lysis of
bacterial cells. Lysozyme is effective principally against
Gram-positive cocci. It may facilitate the effects of antibodies
and complement on Gram-negative microorganisms.
This substance, which is found widely among vertebrates,
invertebrates, plants, and bacteria, has been sequenced and
its three-dimensional structure determined. It is widely distributed
in such normal cells as histiocytes, and leukocytes
including neutrophil granules, and monocytes. By immunoperoxidase
staining, this marker identifies histiocytes and
neoplasms associated with them.
lysozyme (muramidase) antibody
An antibody specific for lysozyme (muramidase) in a
variety of cells that include histiocytes, myeloid cells, renal
tubular cells, salivary acinar cells, reactive histiocytes in
granulomatous conditions, and histiocytic neoplasms. It
may be useful in the identification of histiocytic neoplasms
and myeloid and monocytic leukemias.
Lyt antigens
Murine T cell surface alloantigens that distinguish
T lymphocyte subpopulations designated as helper (Lyt1)
and suppressor (Lyt2 and Lyt3) antigens. Corresponding
epitopes on B cells are termed Ly.
Lyt1, Lyt2, and Lyt3
A category of murine T lymphocyte surface antigens subdivided
into helper T cells (Lyt1) and suppressor T cells (Lyt2
and Lyt3).
lytic granules
Perforin and granzyme-containing intracellular storage
granules of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
They are characteristic of armude effector cytotoxic cells.