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allophonic mouse 32 allotype suppression
allophonic mouse
A tetraparental, chimeric mouse whose genetic make-up
is derived from four separate parents. It is produced by
the association of two early eight-cell embryos that differ
genetically. A single blastocyst forms, is placed in a pseudopregnant
female uterus, and is permitted to develop to term.
Tetraparental mice are widely used in immunological research.
alloreactive
The recognition by antibodies or T lymphocytes from one
member of a species cell or tissue antigens of a genetically
nonidentical member.
alloreactive T cell
A T lymphocyte from one member of a species capable of
responding to an allogeneic antigen from another member
of the same species.
alloreactivity
Stimulation of immune system T cells by non-self major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules attributable
to antigenic differences between members of the same species.
Alloreactivity represents the immune response to an
alloantigen based on recognition of allogeneic MHC.
allorecognition
The detection of allelic differences manifested by cells of
one member of the species by lymphocytes of another individual.
Usually concerns identification of MHC-encoded
differences.
allotope
An epitope or antigenic determinant encoded by a single
allelic form of a polymorphic gene within species. An
allotope often designates an antigenic determinant on an
antibody molecule that is encoded by C gene alleles or
V
Hinge
Pro 291
Phe 296
Ser 384
V H
C
V L
C H1
C L
C H2 C H2
C H3
C H3
Heavy chains
C H1
Allotype examples:
IgG3m b IgG3m g
C H1
291
296
CH2 384 CH3 C L
VL VH C
Leu 291
Tyr 296
Asn 384
V
Allotype.
framework regions of V genes. The antigenic determinant
of an allotype; also called allotypic determinant.
allotransplant
An organ or tissue transplanted from one individual to
another member of the same species.
allotype
A distinct antigenic form of a serum protein that results
from allelic variations present on the immunoglobulin
heavy chain constant region. Allotypes were originally
defined by antisera that differentiated allelic variants
of immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses. The allotype is due
to the existence of different alleles at the genetic locus
that determines the expression of a given determinant.
Immunoglobulin allotypes have been extensively investigated
in inbred rabbits. Currently, allotypes are usually
defined by DNA techniques. To be designated as an official
allotype, the polymorphism must be present in a reasonable
subset of the population (approximately 1%) and follow
Mendelian genetics. Allotype examples include the IgG3
Caucasian allotypes G3m b and G3m g . These two alleles
vary at positions 291, 296, and 384. Another example is
the allotype at the IgA2 locus. The IgA2m(1) allele is
European/Near Eastern, while IgA2m(2) is African/East
Asian. The allotypic differences are in Ca 1 and Ca 3, and
the IgA2m(2) allele has a shorter hinge than the IgA2m(1)
allele. Allotypic differences in immunoglobulin molecules
have been important in solving the genetics of antibodies.
allotype suppression
The failure to produce antibodies of a given allotype by
offspring of mothers who have been immunized against the
paternal immunoglobulin (Ig) allotype before mating. It
C H1
C H2
C H3
Amino
acids
118–215 +
IgA2m(1) IgA2m(2)
Phe
Asp
Pro ProCα1
Val
Val
m(1)
C H
Cα 2
Cα 3
Arg Ser
lle
Ala
m(2)
Amino
acids
231–340 +
216–230
Typ Gln
Amino
acids
341–446 +
Fc