Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

L + dose (historical)
The smallest amount of toxin that, when mixed with one
unit of antitoxin and injected subcutaneously into a 250-g
guinea pig, will kill the animal within 4 days. This is the
unit used for standardization of antitoxin.
L2C leukemia
A B cell neoplasm of guinea pigs that is transplantable.
L3T4
A CD4 marker on mouse lymphocytes that signifies the T
helper/inducer cell. It is detectable by specific monoclonal antibodies
and is equivalent to the CD4 + lymphocyte in humans.
L3T4 + T lymphocytes
Murine CD4 + T cells.
lactalbumin
A breast epithelial cell protein demonstrable by immunoperoxidase
staining found in approximately one half to two thirds of
breast carcinomas for which it is relatively specific. More than
50% of metastatic breast tumors and some salivary gland and
skin appendage tumors stain positively for lactalbumin.
lacteals
Minute lymphatics that drain intestinal villi.
lactoferrin
A protein that combines with iron and competes for it with
microorganisms. This represents a nonantibody humoral
substance that contributes to natural defenses against infection.
It is present in polymorphonuclear neutrophil granules
and in milk. By combining with iron molecules, it deprives
bacterial cells of this needed substance.
lactoperoxidase
An enzyme present in milk and saliva that may be inhibitory
to a number of microorganisms and serves as a nonantibody
humoral substance that contributes to nonspecific immunity.
Its mechanism of action resembles that of myeloperoxidase.
LAF (lymphocyte-activating factor)
Refer to interleukin-1.
LAG-3
A natural killer (NK) cell activation molecule whose structure
is closely related to CD4. It is a type I integral membrane
protein and a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily
with an Ig V-region-like domain and three Ig C2-regionlike
domains. Its gene colocalizes with but is distinct from
the CD4 gene on mouse chromosome 6. LAG-3 is expressed
on activated T and NK cells but not on resting lymphocytes.
It may be a coreceptor for a putative activation receptor.
LAK cells
Lymphokine-activated killer cells.
LAM-1 (leukocyte adhesion molecule 1)
A homing protein found on membranes that combines with
target cell-specific glycoconjugates. It helps regulate migration
of leukocytes through lymphocyte binding to high
endothelial venules and neutrophil adherence to endothelium
at inflammatory sites.
(lambda)
One of the two light polypeptide chain types found in
immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules.
l
(lambda) chain
One of the two light polypeptide chain types found in
immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules. The κ light chain is the
other. Each immunoglobulin molecule contains two λ or
two κ light chains. The ratio of κ to λ light chains differs
among species. Approximately 60% of IgG molecules in
humans are κ and 40% are λ.
cloning vector
A genetically engineered λ phage that can accept foreign
DNA and act as a vector in recombinant DNA studies. Phage
DNA is cleaved with restriction endonucleases, and foreign
DNA is inserted. An insertion vector has a single site where
phage DNA is cleaved and foreign DNA inserted. A substitution
or replacement vector has two sites that span a DNA
segment that can be excised and replaced with foreign DNA.
5
Refer to pre-B cell receptor.
5 B cell development
Refer to VpreB protein.
lamin antibodies
Antibodies present in the sera of chronic autoimmune disease
patients manifesting hepatitis, leukocytoclastic angiitis
or brain vasculitis, cytopenia, and circulating anticoagulant
or cardiolipin antibodies. The antibodies form a rim-type
antinuclear staining pattern in immunofluorescence assays.
A minority of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients
develop antibodies to lamin.
Lamin autoantibodies.
lamin autoantibodies
Autoantibodies against lamin, a nuclear antigen. They are
found in selected patients with autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases. Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) is the
method of choice for their detection. Lamin autoantibodies
occur in selected patients with chronic autoimmune
disease marked by delta hepatitis, cytopenia with circulating
anticoagulants or cardiolipin antibodies, and cutaneous
leukocytoclastic angiitis. They may occur naturally, may
be cross-reacting, or may be formed in response to antigen.
They have no known clinical significance.
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L