Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

Kell blood group system 431 Ki autoantibodies
Kell Blood Group System
Kell blood group system
Antibody specific for the K (KELI) antigen that induces
hemolytic disease of the newborn, described in 1946. Nine
percent of Caucasians and 2% of African-Americans have
the K gene that encodes this antigen. Subsequently, the K
allele was identified. Anti-k (KEL2) antibodies reacted with
the erythrocytes of more than 99% of the random population.
Kell system antigens are present only in relatively low density
on erythrocyte membranes. The strong immunogenicity of
the K antigen leads to the presence of anti-K antibodies in
sera of transfused patients. Anti-K antibodies cause hemolytic
transfusion reactions of both immediate and delayed
varieties. Ninety percent of donors are K–, thus considerably
simplifying the task of finding compatible blood for patients
with anti-K.
keratin layer
External structure of skin that protects the body from microorganisms
and resists penetrating stimuli. It is comprised of
keratin protein filaments synthesized by keratinocytes.
keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)
A 19-kDa protein composed of 163-amino acid residues that
binds heparin and facilitates the growth of keratinocytes and
other epithelial cells that comprise 95% of the epidermis.
keratinocytes
Squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis that are produced
in waves. They are joined together by desmosomes
and synthesize keratin. Their constant upward migration
permits skin regeneration. The keratin layer is a consequence
of the orchestrated death of a wave of keratinocytes.
In the lower epidermis, these cells secrete proinflammatory
cytokines and complement components.
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
A condition characterized by hyperemia of the conjunctiva,
lachrymal deficiency, corneal epithelium thickening, itching
and burning of the eye, and often reduced visual acuity.
kernicterus
Deposition in the skin (leading to yellowish discoloration)
and in the central nervous system of erythrocyte breakdown
products in the blood of infants with erythroblastosis fetalis.
It may lead to neurologic dysfunction.
ketokonazole
An antifungal drug used to treat chronic mucocutaneous
candidiasis.
Reactions with Anti- Phenotype Frequency
Phenotype K K Kp a Kp b Js a Js b Caucasian African American
K+k– + 0 0.2 Rare
K+k+ + + 8.8 2
K–k+ 0 + 91 98
Kp (a+b–) + 0 Rare 0
Kp (a+b+) + + 2.3 Rare
Kp (a–b+) 0 + 97.7 100
Js (a+b–) + 0 0 1
Js (a+b+) + + Rare 19
Js (a–b+) 0 + 100 80
K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Very rare Very rare
keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)
A traditional antigen widely used as a carrier in studies on
immune responsiveness to haptens. This respiratory pigment
containing copper is found in mollusks and crustaceans.
It is usually immunogenic in vertebrate animals.
CD30⎯Hodgkin lymphoma.
Ki-1 (CD30 antigen)
A marker of Reed–Sternberg cells found in Hodgkin
disease of the mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosing, and
lymphocyte-depleted types and in selected cases of large
cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Ki-67 or Ki-780
Nuclear antigens expressed by both normal and neoplastic
proliferating cells demonstrable by immunoperoxidase
staining. A relatively high percentage of positive cells in a
neoplasm implies an unfavorable prognosis.
Ki autoantibodies
Autoantibodies specific for a 3-kDa nonhistone nuclear
protein from rabbit thymus present in 19 to 21% of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by enzyme immunoassay
(EIA) and 8% by DD. They are present in smaller quantities
in mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis,
and rheumatoid arthritis. At present, this autoantibody is
K