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jugular bodies 427 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
the additional name of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.
Compared to the other forms of delayed-type
hypersensitivity, it is relatively weak and appears on
challenge several days following sensitization, with
minute quantities of protein antigens in aqueous medium
or in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. No necrosis is
produced. Jones–Mote hypersensitivity can be produced
in laboratory animals such as guinea pigs appropriately
exposed to protein antigens in aqueous media or in
incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. It can be passively transferred
by T lymphocytes.
jugular bodies
Nodules ventral to external jugular veins that contain
lobules of lymphoid cells separated by sinusoids paved with
phagocytic cells. Jugular bodies filter the blood but are not a
part of the lymphoid system. They may be found in selected
amphibian species.
junctional diversity
Amino acid sequence variation in immunoglobulin and T
cell receptor polypeptides that arises during V(D)J gene
rearrangement in the immunoglobulin or T cell receptor
loci with the addition of nucleotides into the junctions
between gene segments. When gene segments join
imprecisely, the amino acid sequence may vary and affect
variable region expression, which can alter codons at gene
segment junctions. These include the V–J junction of the
genes encoding immunoglobulin κ and λ light chains
and the V–D, D–J, and D–D junctions of genes encoding
immunoglobulin heavy chains or the genes encoding T cell
receptor β and δ chains.
juvenile onset diabetes
Synonym for type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the diagnosis when a child
has inflammation in one or more joints that persists for
a minimum of 3 months with no other explanation. The
condition may be associated with uveitis, pericarditis,
rheumatoid nodules, fever, and rash; however, rheumatoid
factor (RF) is found in the serum in fewer than 10% of
these patients. Subgroups include (1) polyarticular disease
divided into group 1, which is HLA-DR4-associated, and
group 2, which is HLA-DR5- and DR8-associated; (2)
systemic Still’s disease with hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged
lymph nodes, pericardial inflammation, rash, and fever;
and (3) pauciarticular disease, in which one to nine joints
are affected and which is associated with uveitis and anti-
DNA antibodies, principally in young women.
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